TPS PENGETAHUAN UMUM

Bacalah tulisan 1 berikut, kemudian jawablah soal-soal

yang tersedia dengan memilih jawaban yang tepat di

antara pilihan jawaban A, B, C, D, atau E.

(1) Suplemen vitamin D sering disebut-sebut

sebagai pembantu untuk meningkatkan suasana hati dan

meningkatkan kekuatan tulang. (2) Akan tetapi, sebuah

studi kasus baru menunjukkan bahaya mengonsumsi

terlalu banyak vitamin D. (3) Menurut studi kasus di

Jurnal Asosiasi Medis Kanada (CMAJ), ada seorang

pria berusia 54 tahun yang menghabiskan waktu

berjemur lebih dari 8 jam sehari. (4) Dokter mendapati

dia memiliki kalsium dan vitamin D dalam jumlah

sangat tinggi dalam darahnya yang menyebabkan

masalah ginjal. (5) Pria itu melaporkan bahwa ia

menderita nyeri, hipertensi, dan riwayat keluarga

dengan penyakit ginjal polikistik. (6) Saat itu dokter

bertanya kepada pasien tentang penggunaan

suplemennya. (7) Dia menceritakan telah mengonsumsi

antara delapan dan 12 tetes vitamin D setiap hari

selama 2,5 tahun terakhir.

(8) Mayo Clinic melaporkan bahwa seseorang

yang memperoleh asupan 60.000 IU vitamin D setiap

hari selama berbulan-bulan dapat mengalami

keracunan. (9) Masalah ini ditandai dengan mual,

muntah, nyeri tulang, dan masalah ginjal. (10) Rata-

rata, pria itu mengkonsumsi delapan ribu hingga 12 ribu

IU vitamin D setiap hari. (11) Akibatnya, ia mengalami

gangguan kesehatan termasuk penurunan fungsi ginjal,

perasaan gatal yang tidak nyaman dan konstan,

kelelahan, dan nyeri tulang. Asupan vitamin D yang

ekstrem menyebabkan kadar kalsium dalam darahnya

melonjak para dokter merekomendasikan pria tersebut

untuk segera berhenti mengonsumsi suplemen. (12)

Dokter memberi pria itu hydroxychloroquine, obat yang

biasanya digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit auto

imun. (13) Obat itu berguna untuk membantu tubuhnya

kembali normal. (14) Pasien tersebut meminum obat

selama satu tahun, namun tetap menderita penyakit

ginjal kronis permanen.

(15) Penelitian menunjukan bahwa suplemen

nutrisi seperti vitamin D menawarkan sedikit manfaat

kesehatan bagi orang yang sudah sehat. (16)

Kebanyakan orang bisa mendapatkan jumlah nutrisi

harian yang direkomendasikan melalui makanan. (17)

Sebelum mengonsumsi suplemen gizi, sangat

disarankan untuk berkonsultasi dengan penyedia

layanan kesehatan tentang risiko yang bisa didapatkan.

(18) Menurut National Capital Poison Center,

kelompok tertentu seperti orang lanjut usia, mereka

yang berkulit lebih gelap, dan orang yang tinggal di

daerah dengan sedikit sinar matahari berpotensi

mendapat manfaat dari vitamin D. (19) Akan tetapi,

suplemen tidak dipergunakan untuk semua orang.

Kata masalah ini pada kalimat (9) merujuk pada

• laporan Mayo Clinic

• asupan 60.000 IU Vitamin D setiap hari selama berbulan-bulan

• seseorang mengalami keracunan

• Mayo Clinic melaporkan seseorang

• Masalah keracunan vitamin D

Do you like to drink Coca-Cola? You can

thank enslaved Africans. They brought the kola nut –

one of the main parts of Coca-Cola – to what is now the

United States. West Africans chewed the nut for

its caffeine. Enslaved Africans also brought

watermelon, okra, yams, black-eyed peas and some

peppers. These foods are commonly eaten in the U.S.

today. They show how Africans forced into slavery --

beginning in the 1500s -- influenced the American diet.

Frederick Opie wrote a book about some of the

foods that connect Africa and America. The book is

called "Hog and Hominy: Soul Food from Africa to

America." Opie also teaches history at Babson College

in Massachusetts. He says, “If you know what people

eat, you can find out where they‟re from”. Opie

explains that people who were bringing enslaved

Africans to North America wanted to keep them alive

and earn a profit.

As a result, Africans on the slave ships were

fed food they knew and liked. Those foods landed along

with the people. Moreover, Opie contends that fruits

and vegetables brought from Africa grew well in

America. One reason is because enslaved Africans

planted their own gardens to help feed themselves.

In time, the plants from Africa slowly moved

from gardens of the enslaved to those of the wealthy

and powerful. For example, the homes of U.S.

presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson

had gardens planted with seeds from Africa. Those

fruits and vegetables changed the way cooks made pies

in America. In England, pies were made with meat.

African-Americans took the English meat pie and made

it with fruit or vegetables, such as sweet potatoes.

Source:selvi://https://learningenglish.voanews.com "Diet" also means ...

• Nutrition

• Vegetables

• Food

• Health

• Plantation

A new study suggests some language learning

can take place during sleep. Researchers from

Switzerland‟s University of Bern say they discovered

people were able to learn new language words during

deep levels of sleep. Results of the study

recently appeared in the publication Current Biology.

Sleeping hours are generally considered unproductive

time. But several studies have suggested some learning

activity can happen. Studies involving mice provided

evidence that sleep learning is possible in the brain

of mammals.

Other human studies, the Swiss researchers

said, found that simple learning through sounds may be

possible during sleep. But they added that “complex

verbal learning” has not yet been demonstrated.

Much of the earlier research found that memories made

when people were awake were reinforced and

strengthened during sleep. This supported the idea that

information learned while awake is replayed and

deeply embedded in the sleeping brain.

The researchers theorized that, if replay during

sleep improves the storage of information that is

learned while awake, the processing and storage of new

information should also be possible during sleep.

The research group was led by Katharina Henke, a

professor at the University of Bern and founder of the

school‟s Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory.

The researchers carried out experiments on a group of

young German-speaking men and women. The

experiments centered on periods of deep sleep called

“up-states.” They identified these slow-wave peaks as

the best moments for sleep-learning.

During normal sleep, human brain cells are

commonly active for a short period of time before they

enter a state of brief inactivity, the researchers said. The

two states are continuously changing. The researchers

observed individuals in a controlled environment during

brief periods of sleep. They recorded brain activity as

pairs of words were played for the study subjects. One

word in the pair was a real German word. The other

was a made-up foreign word. For later identification

purposes, the German words chosen were things clearly

larger or smaller than a shoebox.

Source: selvi://https://learningenglish.voanews.com.

What is the main idea of the text ?

• The study of language learning in human's brain can take place durung sleeping time

• Sleeping is always considered to be an unproductive activity

• The researchs experimented German-speaking men and women during the deep sleep called "Up-States"

• The study using mice has been carried out to research about sleep learning

• The discovery of Swiss researchers is about the sleep learning

Do you like to drink Coca-Cola? You can

thank enslaved Africans. They brought the kola nut –

one of the main parts of Coca-Cola – to what is now the

United States. West Africans chewed the nut for

its caffeine. Enslaved Africans also brought

watermelon, okra, yams, black-eyed peas and some

peppers. These foods are commonly eaten in the U.S.

today. They show how Africans forced into slavery --

beginning in the 1500s -- influenced the American diet.

Frederick Opie wrote a book about some of the

foods that connect Africa and America. The book is

called "Hog and Hominy: Soul Food from Africa to

America." Opie also teaches history at Babson College

in Massachusetts. He says, “If you know what people

eat, you can find out where they‟re from”. Opie

explains that people who were bringing enslaved

Africans to North America wanted to keep them alive

and earn a profit.

As a result, Africans on the slave ships were

fed food they knew and liked. Those foods landed along

with the people. Moreover, Opie contends that fruits

and vegetables brought from Africa grew well in

America. One reason is because enslaved Africans

planted their own gardens to help feed themselves.

In time, the plants from Africa slowly moved

from gardens of the enslaved to those of the wealthy

and powerful. For example, the homes of U.S.

presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson

had gardens planted with seeds from Africa. Those

fruits and vegetables changed the way cooks made pies

in America. In England, pies were made with meat.

African-Americans took the English meat pie and made

it with fruit or vegetables, such as sweet potatoes.

Source:selvi://https://learningenglish.voanews.com. What is the conclusions of the text ?

• African slaves make Coca Cola as the American drink

• The enslaved Africans have mostly influenced North American diets

• Americans plant all seeds brought by enslaved Africans

• Enslaved Africans free plants in their gardens for Americans

• Americans changed their foods to enslaved African foods

Bacalah tulisan 1 berikut, kemudian jawablah soal-soal

yang tersedia dengan memilih jawaban yang tepat di

antara pilihan jawaban A, B, C, D, atau E.

(1) Suplemen vitamin D sering disebut-sebut

sebagai pembantu untuk meningkatkan suasana hati dan

meningkatkan kekuatan tulang. (2) Akan tetapi, sebuah

studi kasus baru menunjukkan bahaya mengonsumsi

terlalu banyak vitamin D. (3) Menurut studi kasus di

Jurnal Asosiasi Medis Kanada (CMAJ), ada seorang

pria berusia 54 tahun yang menghabiskan waktu

berjemur lebih dari 8 jam sehari. (4) Dokter mendapati

dia memiliki kalsium dan vitamin D dalam jumlah

sangat tinggi dalam darahnya yang menyebabkan

masalah ginjal. (5) Pria itu melaporkan bahwa ia

menderita nyeri, hipertensi, dan riwayat keluarga

dengan penyakit ginjal polikistik. (6) Saat itu dokter

bertanya kepada pasien tentang penggunaan

suplemennya. (7) Dia menceritakan telah mengonsumsi

antara delapan dan 12 tetes vitamin D setiap hari

selama 2,5 tahun terakhir.

(8) Mayo Clinic melaporkan bahwa seseorang

yang memperoleh asupan 60.000 IU vitamin D setiap

hari selama berbulan-bulan dapat mengalami

keracunan. (9) Masalah ini ditandai dengan mual,

muntah, nyeri tulang, dan masalah ginjal. (10) Rata-

rata, pria itu mengkonsumsi delapan ribu hingga 12 ribu

IU vitamin D setiap hari. (11) Akibatnya, ia mengalami

gangguan kesehatan termasuk penurunan fungsi ginjal,

perasaan gatal yang tidak nyaman dan konstan,

kelelahan, dan nyeri tulang. Asupan vitamin D yang

ekstrem menyebabkan kadar kalsium dalam darahnya

melonjak para dokter merekomendasikan pria tersebut

untuk segera berhenti mengonsumsi suplemen. (12)

Dokter memberi pria itu hydroxychloroquine, obat yang

biasanya digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit auto

imun. (13) Obat itu berguna untuk membantu tubuhnya

kembali normal. (14) Pasien tersebut meminum obat

selama satu tahun, namun tetap menderita penyakit

ginjal kronis permanen.

(15) Penelitian menunjukan bahwa suplemen

nutrisi seperti vitamin D menawarkan sedikit manfaat

kesehatan bagi orang yang sudah sehat. (16)

Kebanyakan orang bisa mendapatkan jumlah nutrisi

harian yang direkomendasikan melalui makanan. (17)

Sebelum mengonsumsi suplemen gizi, sangat

disarankan untuk berkonsultasi dengan penyedia

layanan kesehatan tentang risiko yang bisa didapatkan.

(18) Menurut National Capital Poison Center,

kelompok tertentu seperti orang lanjut usia, mereka

yang berkulit lebih gelap, dan orang yang tinggal di

daerah dengan sedikit sinar matahari berpotensi

mendapat manfaat dari vitamin D. (19) Akan tetapi,

suplemen tidak dipergunakan untuk semua orang.

Kata berimbuhan yang salah pada paragraf diatas adalah ...

• Menunjukkan (kalimat 2)

• Menyebabkan (kalimat 4)

• Memperoleh (kalimat 8)

• Mengkonsumsi (kalimat 10)

• Mengobati (kalimat 12)

Do you like to drink Coca-Cola? You can

thank enslaved Africans. They brought the kola nut –

one of the main parts of Coca-Cola – to what is now the

United States. West Africans chewed the nut for

its caffeine. Enslaved Africans also brought

watermelon, okra, yams, black-eyed peas and some

peppers. These foods are commonly eaten in the U.S.

today. They show how Africans forced into slavery --

beginning in the 1500s -- influenced the American diet.

Frederick Opie wrote a book about some of the

foods that connect Africa and America. The book is

called "Hog and Hominy: Soul Food from Africa to

America." Opie also teaches history at Babson College

in Massachusetts. He says, “If you know what people

eat, you can find out where they‟re from”. Opie

explains that people who were bringing enslaved

Africans to North America wanted to keep them alive

and earn a profit.

As a result, Africans on the slave ships were

fed food they knew and liked. Those foods landed along

with the people. Moreover, Opie contends that fruits

and vegetables brought from Africa grew well in

America. One reason is because enslaved Africans

planted their own gardens to help feed themselves.

In time, the plants from Africa slowly moved

from gardens of the enslaved to those of the wealthy

and powerful. For example, the homes of U.S.

presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson

had gardens planted with seeds from Africa. Those

fruits and vegetables changed the way cooks made pies

in America. In England, pies were made with meat.

African-Americans took the English meat pie and made

it with fruit or vegetables, such as sweet potatoes.

Source:selvi://https://learningenglish.voanews.com. The statements below are FALSE according to the text above, except ...

• Pira are made of vegetables US

• Enslaved Africans where brought to the North America to warm a profit

• Thomas Jefferson came to Africa to see the gardens

• African-American cook pies using meat

• The African vegetables brought to North America didn't grow well

Do you like to drink Coca-Cola? You can

thank enslaved Africans. They brought the kola nut –

one of the main parts of Coca-Cola – to what is now the

United States. West Africans chewed the nut for

its caffeine. Enslaved Africans also brought

watermelon, okra, yams, black-eyed peas and some

peppers. These foods are commonly eaten in the U.S.

today. They show how Africans forced into slavery --

beginning in the 1500s -- influenced the American diet.

Frederick Opie wrote a book about some of the

foods that connect Africa and America. The book is

called "Hog and Hominy: Soul Food from Africa to

America." Opie also teaches history at Babson College

in Massachusetts. He says, “If you know what people

eat, you can find out where they‟re from”. Opie

explains that people who were bringing enslaved

Africans to North America wanted to keep them alive

and earn a profit.

As a result, Africans on the slave ships were

fed food they knew and liked. Those foods landed along

with the people. Moreover, Opie contends that fruits

and vegetables brought from Africa grew well in

America. One reason is because enslaved Africans

planted their own gardens to help feed themselves.

In time, the plants from Africa slowly moved

from gardens of the enslaved to those of the wealthy

and powerful. For example, the homes of U.S.

presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson

had gardens planted with seeds from Africa. Those

fruits and vegetables changed the way cooks made pies

in America. In England, pies were made with meat.

African-Americans took the English meat pie and made

it with fruit or vegetables, such as sweet potatoes.

Source:selvi://https://learningenglish.voanews.com. What is plausible to be the preceding of the text above ?

• The role of enslaved Africans in American diets

• A history of enslaved Africans in the US

• The plantations brought by African slaves

• The great history of Coca Cola

• The American cook African foods

Do you like to drink Coca-Cola? You can

thank enslaved Africans. They brought the kola nut –

one of the main parts of Coca-Cola – to what is now the

United States. West Africans chewed the nut for

its caffeine. Enslaved Africans also brought

watermelon, okra, yams, black-eyed peas and some

peppers. These foods are commonly eaten in the U.S.

today. They show how Africans forced into slavery --

beginning in the 1500s -- influenced the American diet.

Frederick Opie wrote a book about some of the

foods that connect Africa and America. The book is

called "Hog and Hominy: Soul Food from Africa to

America." Opie also teaches history at Babson College

in Massachusetts. He says, “If you know what people

eat, you can find out where they‟re from”. Opie

explains that people who were bringing enslaved

Africans to North America wanted to keep them alive

and earn a profit.

As a result, Africans on the slave ships were

fed food they knew and liked. Those foods landed along

with the people. Moreover, Opie contends that fruits

and vegetables brought from Africa grew well in

America. One reason is because enslaved Africans

planted their own gardens to help feed themselves.

In time, the plants from Africa slowly moved

from gardens of the enslaved to those of the wealthy

and powerful. For example, the homes of U.S.

presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson

had gardens planted with seeds from Africa. Those

fruits and vegetables changed the way cooks made pies

in America. In England, pies were made with meat.

African-Americans took the English meat pie and made

it with fruit or vegetables, such as sweet potatoes.

Source:selvi://https://learningenglish.voanews.com "Diet" also means ...

• Nutrition

• Vegetables

• Food

• Health

• Plantation

Danau Kaco di Provinsi Jambi memiliki pesona. Airnya

jernih kebiruan seperti kaca. Menurut cerita, ada

legenda yang berkembang dari sana. Melalui cerita

yang dipercaya turun-temurun, kilauannya datang dari

intan titipan milik para pemuda yang ingin melamar

putri seorang raja bernama Raja Gagak. Putri itu

sungguh cantik jelita. Namanya Napal Melintang.

Menurut legenda, kecantikannya bahkan mampu

memikat hati ayahnya sendiri. Raja Gagak pun

membawa lari putrinya tersebut lalu meninggalkan

intan dari para pemuda di dasar danau. Sampai saat ini,

masyarakat sekitar masih percaya bahwa kilauan di

dasar danau adalah intan peninggalan Raja Gagak

tersebut.

Terdapat beberapa versi mengenai legenda itu. Ada

yang mempercayai bahwa Raja Gagak begitu tamak.

Siapa pun yang bermaksud meminang putrinya

diwajibkan menyerahkan harta berupa emas dan intan.

Sayangnya, keserakahan itu membuat sang putri

ternoda sehingga ia dibenamkan ke dalam danau

bersama dengan seluruh harta yang diberikan oleh

lelaki yang ingin meminangnya. Sejak itu, danau

tersebut berkilauan cahaya.

Terlepas dari legenda yang berkembang, keindahan

Danau Kaco layak untuk dinikmati. Wisatawan bisa

menjadikan danau ini sebagai destinasi yang mesti

dikunjungi saat berada di Jambi. Lokasi Danau Kaco

ada pada satu kawasan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat,

Desa Lembur, Kecamatan Gunung Raya. Kalau

dipetakan dan digambar, lokasi danau bak mutiara biru

yang berada di tengah rimbunnya pohon rindang. Untuk

menikmati keindahannya, pengunjung mesti rela

melakukan perjalanan yang agak jauh karena letaknya

jauh dari pusat Kota Jambi. Dari kota, wisatawan harus melakukan perjalanan

menuju Sungai Penuh yang berjarak 500 kilometer.

Dari sana, perjalanan dilanjutkan menuju Desa Lumpur

dengan waktu 45 menit. Dari Desa Lumpur,

petualangan mengunjungi Danau Kaco dimulai. Untuk

memasuki Taman Nasional, wisatawan harus berjalan

kaki menyusuri hutan selama kurang lebih 4 jam. Meski

perjalanan terlihat cukup melelahkan, namun segalanya

terbayar ketika sampai di danau tersebut. Pemandangan

sekitar danau dikelilingi oleh rindangnya pepohonan

dengan udara yang sejuk.

Pada malam hari, pesona Danau Kaco makin kentara,

apalagi saat bulan purnama. Cahaya bulan yang terang

membuat air di Danau Kaco lebih bercahaya.

Pemandangannya tampak seperti cahaya besar yang

diarahkan ke langit.

(Diadaptasi dari “Menyusuri Legenda dari Danau

Kaco”, Kompas.com, 11 April 2019). Judul yang tepat untuk tulisan di atas adalah ...

• Surga Tersembunyi di Jambi

• Pesona Danau Kaco

• Pesona dan Legenda Danau Kaco

• Perjalanan Menuju Danau Kaco

• Mutiara Biru Danau Kaco di Jambi

Danau Kaco di Provinsi Jambi memiliki pesona. Airnya

jernih kebiruan seperti kaca. Menurut cerita, ada

legenda yang berkembang dari sana. Melalui cerita

yang dipercaya turun-temurun, kilauannya datang dari

intan titipan milik para pemuda yang ingin melamar

putri seorang raja bernama Raja Gagak. Putri itu

sungguh cantik jelita. Namanya Napal Melintang.

Menurut legenda, kecantikannya bahkan mampu

memikat hati ayahnya sendiri. Raja Gagak pun

membawa lari putrinya tersebut lalu meninggalkan

intan dari para pemuda di dasar danau. Sampai saat ini,

masyarakat sekitar masih percaya bahwa kilauan di

dasar danau adalah intan peninggalan Raja Gagak

tersebut.

Terdapat beberapa versi mengenai legenda itu. Ada

yang mempercayai bahwa Raja Gagak begitu tamak.

Siapa pun yang bermaksud meminang putrinya

diwajibkan menyerahkan harta berupa emas dan intan.

Sayangnya, keserakahan itu membuat sang putri

ternoda sehingga ia dibenamkan ke dalam danau

bersama dengan seluruh harta yang diberikan oleh

lelaki yang ingin meminangnya. Sejak itu, danau

tersebut berkilauan cahaya.

Terlepas dari legenda yang berkembang, keindahan

Danau Kaco layak untuk dinikmati. Wisatawan bisa

menjadikan danau ini sebagai destinasi yang mesti

dikunjungi saat berada di Jambi. Lokasi Danau Kaco

ada pada satu kawasan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat,

Desa Lembur, Kecamatan Gunung Raya. Kalau

dipetakan dan digambar, lokasi danau bak mutiara biru

yang berada di tengah rimbunnya pohon rindang. Untuk

menikmati keindahannya, pengunjung mesti rela

melakukan perjalanan yang agak jauh karena letaknya

jauh dari pusat Kota Jambi. Dari kota, wisatawan harus melakukan perjalanan

menuju Sungai Penuh yang berjarak 500 kilometer.

Dari sana, perjalanan dilanjutkan menuju Desa Lumpur

dengan waktu 45 menit. Dari Desa Lumpur,

petualangan mengunjungi Danau Kaco dimulai. Untuk

memasuki Taman Nasional, wisatawan harus berjalan

kaki menyusuri hutan selama kurang lebih 4 jam. Meski

perjalanan terlihat cukup melelahkan, namun segalanya

terbayar ketika sampai di danau tersebut. Pemandangan

sekitar danau dikelilingi oleh rindangnya pepohonan

dengan udara yang sejuk.

Pada malam hari, pesona Danau Kaco makin kentara,

apalagi saat bulan purnama. Cahaya bulan yang terang

membuat air di Danau Kaco lebih bercahaya.

Pemandangannya tampak seperti cahaya besar yang

diarahkan ke langit.

(Diadaptasi dari “Menyusuri Legenda dari Danau

Kaco”, Kompas.com, 11 April 2019)

Kalimat yang tepat digunakan untuk paragraf terakhir adalah ..

• Karena hal tersebut, beberapa pengunjung

  sering berkemah di tempat ini, terutama saat

  purnama.

• Oleh karena itu, Danau Kaco menjadi destinasi

  terfavorit.

• Dengan demikian, banyak orang dapat

  menikmati malam purnama di Danau Kaco

• Untuk itu, malam bulan purnama adalah saat

  paling tepat untuk menikmati Danau Kaco.

• Jadi, destinasi terfavorit adalah Danau Kaco

  pada saat purnama.