Chemistry Final Review

is a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are shown as "dots" or for bonding electrons as a line between the two atoms

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume.

is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. This practice is performed with a calorimeter

In chemistry and manufacturing, this is a technique that uses a direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction

states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as the system's mass cannot change, so quantity can neither be added nor be removed.

are lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity. Other properties include: State: _____ are solids at room temperature with the exception of mercury, which is liquid at room temperature (Gallium is liquid on hot days)

Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the ______ of an isolated system never decreases over time. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium, the state with maximum _______. The gradual decline into disorder.

in physics, the (KE) of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion

is a process that uses an electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode.

is any process which requires or absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually in the form of heat. It may be a chemical process, such as dissolving ammonium nitrate in water, or a physical process, such as the melting of ice cubes.