Fetal dysmorphology

What is a structural defect arising from a localized error in morphogenesis that results in the abnormal formation of a tissue or organ?

• malformation

• dysplasia

• deformation

• disruption

What is an example of a malformation syndrome?

• Equinovarus foot deformity

• Amnionic membrane rupture sequence

• Pierre-Robin sequence

• Trisomy 21

What refers to the abnormal organization of cells into tissues?

• malformation

• dysplasia

• deformation

• disruption

This is defined as a pattern of multiple abnormalities resulting from a single, defined etiology.

• malformation

• deformation

• syndrome

• sequence

This is an alteration in shape or structure of a structure or organ that has developed, or differentiated, normally.

• malformation

• dysplasia

• deformation

• disruption

This is a defect resulting from the destruction of a structure that had formed normally before the insult.

• malformation

• dysplasia

• deformation

• disruption

Pierre-Robin sequence is a pattern of multiple anomalies produced by:

• mandibular hyperplasia

• mandibular hypoplasia

• maxillary hyperplasia

• maxillary hypoplasia

A condition in which head shape is shortened from front to back along the sagittal plane, typically the occiput and face are flatter than normal.

• brachycephaly

• plagiocephaly

• scaphocephaly

• dolichocephaly

This is defined as the incomplete separation of the fingers or toes.

• brachydactyly

• syndactyly

• camptodactyly

• clinodactyly

This syndrome is characterized by proportionate short stature, intellectual disability, stellate pattern of iris and the presence of supravalvular aortic stenosis.

• Williams

• Angelman

• Smith-Magenis

• Prader-Willi