APHG Ch. 13.3 Why Do Urban Areas Expand

Over 50 percent of the U.S. population today lives in

• central cities

• suburbs

• nonmetropolitan areas

• rural settlements

• the second and third rings of the concentric zone

People in the United States are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by

• more parking garages and heavy traffic.

• reduced opportunity for home ownership.

• private land surrounding the house.

• row houses and apartments.

• closer proximity to cultural institutions.

A significant driver of suburban growth in the United States has been

• population decline after WWII.

• the annexation of rural areas.

• rising incomes of the middle class.

• the Industrial Revolution.

• commuter railways.

Most U.S. metropolitan areas have a council of governments which means

• an organization who provides legal counsel on annexation.

• a tax collection agency.

• it coordinates planning for the overall area.

• it replaces the school districts.

• it works to resist any annexation attempts.

Sprawl is best defined as the

• change in density within an urban area from the periphery to the center.

• development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

• land maintained as open space surrounding an urban area.

• period in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.

• increasing population density in rings two and three of the concentric zone model.

Which describes a recent change in the typical U.S. density gradient?

• the elimination of the gap traditionally found in the center

• an increase in the extremes between the inner and outer areas

• an increase in the number of people living in the center

• a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area

• an increase in the differences in densities found within an urban area

An urban growth boundary is associated with

• smart growth programs

• utility networks

• urban density reduction programs

• emergency medical services

• captive growth programs

Which would NOT be an anticipated outcome of urban land use policies in the United Kingdom?

• The creation of greenbelts or open space.

• New growth concentrated in existing towns.

• Higher housing prices in urban areas.

• The extension of new areas adjacent to settlements.

• The construction of more discontinuous suburbs.

Based on the changes of the density gradient shown in the maps, which statement is TRUE?

• The population density gradient in Cleveland has increased along with the expanded city boundary.

• Population density has declined but sprawl has increased as people moved to surrounding suburbs.

• Changes between 1930 and 1990 illustrate less sprawl as people moved closer to Lake Erie.

• Changes between the density gradient in 1960 and 1990 reveal a hole at the center.

• In 2010, urban regeneration resulted in increased population density in the inner rings.

One of the ways that suburban residential segregation is reinforced is through

• loans to people with low incomes.

• zoning ordinances.

• cost of housing in the CBD.

• homogeneity of urban schools.

• the high value of industrial land.