2019 & 2015 - Biology EOC - Cell Processes

This diagram shows a red blood cell in a beaker that contains a solution with a higher salt concentration than that inside the red blood cell.

What will happen to the red blood cell in this environment?

• The size of the red blood cell will remain constant.

• The red blood cell will swell at first and then shrink.

• The red blood cell will swell from absorbing salt molecules.

• The red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules.

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This diagram represents a closed terrarium exposed to sunlight.

What must happen for the carbon cycle to continue in this terrarium?

• All organisms must continue to exchange gases.

• The snails must double their production of carbon dioxide.

• The plant must produce carbon dioxide at a faster rate.

• The decomposers must begin to produce oxygen.

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A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude?

• Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

• Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

• Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration.

• Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of cellular respiration.

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Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

• It regulates mineral concentrations in cells.

• It regulates body temperature.

• It maintains water balance.

• It maintains sugar balance in cells.

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A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a “pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process?

• DNA

• lipids

• ATP

• ribosomes

Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

• carbon dioxide + glucose → oxygen + water

• carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

• glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

• oxygen + water → carbon dioxide + glucose

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low?

• through energy production in the mitochondria

• through aerobic respiration in the plasma membrane

• through ATP produced directly from sunlight

• through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm

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During strenuous exercise, body temperature increases. The body responds to the increase in temperature by sweating, which helps to reduce the body temperature. Which is demonstrated in this situation?

• excretion

• metabolism

• homeostasis

• synthesis

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What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle?

• to use oxygen to produce glucose

• to take in excess water

• to use carbon dioxide to produce glucose

• to feed on herbivores

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How does the amount of energy resulting from fermentation compare with that of aerobic respiration?

• Aerobic respiration results in less energy.

• Aerobic respiration results in more energy.

• Each process results in equal amounts of energy.

• Each process results in variable amounts of energy.

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