Biodiversity and Adaptations (APES)

How many species are estimated to exist on Earth?

• 2 million
• 8 million
• 10 million
• 100 million

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Two savanna communities both contain 15 plant species. In community A, each of the 15 species is represented by 20 individuals. In community B, 10 of the species are each represented by 12 individuals; the remaining 5 species are each represented by 3 individuals. Which statement best describes the two communities?

• Community A has the same biodiversity as community B
• Both communities have the same species evenness
• Community B has a higher species richness
• Community A has higher species evenness

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Phylogeny is

• the number of evolutionarily related species in an ecosystem
• the study of morphological traits
• the branching patterns of evolutionary relationships
• the process of evolution that creates new species

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Which evolutionary effect results in reduced genetic variation in a community

• natural selection
• the founder effect
• artificial selection 
• gene flow

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a phenotype is

• an adaptation that creates a new species
• the genes of a particular individual
• a result of genetic recombination
• the set of traits expressed in an individual

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Evolved resistance to a pesticide is an example of

• a nonadaptive process
• a bottleneck effect
• natural selection
• artificial selection

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Which is the best definition of an adaptation?

• a mutation that creates a new species
• a trait that improves an individual's fitness
• a trait that is passed on to the next generation
• a trait that has no effect on an individual's fitness

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The change in the genetic composition of a population over time due to random mating is called

• the bottleneck effect
• gene flow
• genetic drift
• mutation

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In a particular zoo the population of spider monkeys has a higher proportion of individuals with light golden brown fur than spider monkeys in the wild. if the monkeys were recently captured from the wild and if fur color is largely determined by genetics, what evolutionary process is at work?

• the founder effect
• the bottleneck effect
• microevolution
• artificial selection

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Which of the following processes create genetic diversity in a population
  I. mutation
 II. Allele division
III. recombination

• I only
• I and II only
• I and III only
• II and III only

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