1.1 Enlightenment Thinkers

Which Enlightenment idea is represented by this image?

• separation of power

• checks and balances

• social contract

• natural law

What are natural rights?

• agreements among people relating to their government

• freedoms people possess relating to life, liberty, and property

• ideas about freedom that were first discussed in the American colonies

• rights reserved only for monarchs

Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu

• argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society.

• did not believe that the laws of the universe could be discovered.

• invested in the Virginia Company.

Which element of the Constitution reflects the influence of the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu?

• the amendment process

• the Electoral College

• the necessary and proper clause

• the separation of powers

According to John Locke, how do people acquire natural rights?

• through taxes

• the king

• their government

• from birth

Which statement reflects the Enlightenment ideas of government as expressed by Montesquieu?

• 2

• 1

• 3

• 4

In this statement by Rousseau, what did the word “chains” represent?

• Chains of natural rights

• Chains of poverty

• Chains of government

• Chains of religion

According to John Locke’s theory of government a social contract existed between the people and which other entity?

• Between the people and their sovereign

• Between the people and their court system

• Between the people and their property owners

• Between the people and their church

How are the Enlightenment ideas that influenced the Founding Fathers reflected in modern institutions?

• The United Nations promotes universal human rights.

• Colonies have been re-established to preserve popular sovereignty.

• Oligarchies have increased to safeguard natural rights.

• The European Union encourages economic stability

The concept of state of nature sees humans exist without any:

• governments

• freedoms

• rights

• religions