AP Psych - 7 - Cognition & Memory

The inability to see new uses for familiar objects is termed

• non-flexible thinking.
• functional fixedness.
• proactive inhibition.
• interference.

Which of the following is usually associated with creativity?

• convergent thinking 
• divergent thinking 
• intelligence 
• modelling 

Heuristics are problem solving strategies which

• use a trial and error approach.
• use random search strategies.
• guarantee success in solving a problem.
• reduce the number of alternatives.

The term "cognition" includes

• thinking, problem solving, reasoning, and dreaming.
• classical and instrumental conditioning.
• the use of memory systems.
• an active process by which sensory input is selected, organized, and integrated.

A problem-solving rule or procedure that, when followed step by step, assures that a correct solution will be found is known as:

• mental set
• trial and error
• algorithm
• insight

A(n) ________ represents a general principle that guides problem solving, though it does not guarantee a correct solution.

• mental set
• heuristic
• algorithm
• insight
  

Memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a recollection of that experience is known as

• Short-term memory
• Explicit memory
• Sensory memory
• Implicit memory

Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his ________ of a sport.

• Phoneme
• Prototype
• Algorithm
• Mental

According to the serial position effect, you will remember more: 

• items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.
• nitems in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.
• vocabulary words if you process them visually.
• nvocabulary words if you process them acoustically.

You are used to driving a car with a standard shift.  Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission.  As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift.  This tendency is most likely due to: 

• nretroactive interference.
• proactive interference.
• motivated forgetting.
• encoding failure.