Review Category 4 half

Which of these describes one or more living organisms that depend on another living organism to survive?

• Bacteria living in the mouth of a horse

• Ivy plants growing up a fence to obtain more sunlight

• Mold living on a hard, rocky surface

• An angelfish releasing carbon dioxide into pond water

In a desert habitat, many animals are nocturnal. They sleep in cool dens, caves, or burrows during the day. They hunt for food at night when the temperatures are cooler.

How do desert animals use non-living elements in their habitats to help them survive?

• They are most active at night

• They sleep during the hottest part of the day.

• They use dens and caves to stay out of the heat

• They hunt smaller animals that live in the desert

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

A prickly pear cactus is shown.

The roots of the prickly pear cactus spread out in a wide underground network. How does this type of root system benefit a prickly pear cactus?

• By producing fruit and storing water

• By capturing sunlight and getting rid of waste materials

• By absorbing water and supporting the plant in loose, sandy soil

• By releasing nutrients into the sandy soil and taking in oxygen

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

Aquatic plants have adaptations that help them live in water. For example, the structures needed for making food are located on the tops of floating plant leaves. This adaptation helps the plants —

• absorb sunlight

• stay anchored

• avoid predators

• capture fish

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Tropical climates have warm temperatures and abundant sunlight all year. What must be available for plants in these climates to make their own food throughout the year?

• Bacteria

• Birds

• Shade

• Water

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The partial food web shown below is found in an aquatic environment. This type of environment has many organisms in the same trophic levels.

Which two types of organisms in this aquatic food web have a producer–consumer relationship?

• Microscopic algae and white suckers

• Small invertebrates and amphipods

• Phytoplankton and mummichogs

• Amphipods and channel catfish

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The food web below is made up of organisms that live in a forest.

Which change would most likely occur if all the producers in this ecosystem were removed?

• The mice would become the new producers

• All the animals would either die or move away

• The number of mice would increase

• All the animal populations would increase

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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The picture below shows a type of plant called kudzu. Kudzu is a fast-growing Asian vine that was introduced into the United States. Kudzu quickly uses available resources and can completely cover the plants in an area.

What effect does the rapid growth of kudzu most likely have on an ecosystem?

• The variety of native plants decreases

• The water supply in the area increases

• Weather patterns in the area change

• The number of other plants increases

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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Fertilizers used on farms near the coast can be carried to the ocean when runoff occurs during rain showers. These fertilizers can decrease the populations of fish and shellfish.

Which other populations most likely decrease as a result?

• Organisms that eat algae

• Organisms that live on farms

• Organisms that eat fish and shellfish

• All of these

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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The picture below shows a frog in a pond containing duckweed.

Which of these human activities would most likely cause an overgrowth of duckweed in a pond environment?

• Gradually introducing geese into the pond

• Fishing in the pond as recreation

• Planting trees in nearby forests

• Heavily fertilizing nearby farm fields

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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