Chapter 16 Vocabulary

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere keep heat near Earth and prevent it from radiating into space.

• Greenhouse gas

• Greenhouse effect

• Topography

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Gases that traps heat near the Earth.

• Greenhouse gas

• Greenhouse effect

• Topography

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Warmer less salty water moves along the surface of the ocean and colder saltier water moves deep beneath the ocean's surface.

• El Nino

• Thermohaline circulation

• Topography

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A change in air pressure, wind patterns, ocean temperature and ocean circulation in the Pacific Ocean.

• Toporgaphy

• Thermohaline circulation

• El Nino

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Describes the surface characteristics of the area, including its elevation and features such as mountains, rivers, and lakes.

• Topography

• Proxy indicator

• Regional Vegetation

A change in global weather patterns.

• Global warming

• Global climate change

• Greenhouse effect

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-4

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An increase in Earth's average surface temperature.

• Global climate change

• El Nino

• Global warming

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Types of indirect evidence that serve as proxies, or substitutes , for direct measurement.

• Direct measurement

• Proxy indicators

• Models

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Programs that combine what is known about the atmosphere and oceans to stimulate or imitate climate processes.

• Climate models

• Climate change

• Clues

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Fuels that formed millions of years ago from the remains of living things.

• Fossil fuels

• Greenhouse gases

• Sediments

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