Validity and Reliability (External)

When conducting an observation people might act differently because they know they are being watched.
This is called ...

• Valid Research
• The Hawthorn Effect
• The Doppler Effect 
• The Butterfly Effect

Which one of the following is NOT an example of investigator effects

• When participants try to guess the purpose of the experiment and change their behaviour to help or hinder the researcher.
• When the researcher's body language can affect participant behaviour/ responses.
• When the researcher interprets ambiguous data in line with their hypothesis. 

If the study is measuring what it is supposed to be measuring, what does this mean?

• It has Low Validity
• It has High Validity
• It has a DV
• It has an IV

Internal validity is concerned with:

• The generalisability of research findings
• The consistency of measurement
• Whether an observed effect can be attributed to the IV
• Whether the findings are what the experimenter expected

External validity refers to:

• The generalisability of research findings
• Whether the findings are what the experimenter expected
• Whether an observed effect can be attributed to the IV
• All of the above

The reliability of observations may be affected by:

• Lack of agreement between several observers when observing the same thing

• Lack of agreement between observations made byone observer on several occasions

• Lack of agreement between several observers when observing different things

Which of the following statements is true?

• Reliability and validity are both important in qualitative research
• Only reliability is important in qualitative research
• Only validity is important in qualitative research
• Neither relaibilty or validity are both important in qualitative research

The tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed or know what the researcher wants

• Research Bias
• Hindsight Bias
• Hathorne Effect
• Sampling Bias