Gilded Age

“Carnegie Donates Millions to Build Libraries”

“Rockefeller Creates Foundation for Medical Research”

These headlines reflect the actions of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller as

• muckrakers

• socialists

• philanthropists

• conservationists

The federal government follows the economic principle of laissez-faire when it

• places restrictions on land usage

• takes no action on corporate mergers

• controls methods of production

• determines the price of goods

During the late 1800s, political machines controlled the governments of many cities by

• denying voting rights to immigrants

• attracting dissatisfied voters from the two major political parties

• using corrupt practices and patronage

• favoring civil service reform

Base your answer to the question on the chart and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which conclusion is best supported by the information in the charts?

• Immigration from the Western Hemisphere declined after 1900.

• The percentage of German immigrants increased between 1860 and 1920.

• Northern Europeans were not permitted to enter the United States from 1860 to 1920.

• Southern and eastern Europeans made up a majority of immigrants from 1900 to 1920.

Base your answer to the question on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A: It is disgraceful that we allow children in this country to work long hours in unsanitary, unsafe conditions. The government must step in and protect our children.

Speaker B: We must allow businesses to compete freely without government intervention. The best will survive.

Speaker C: Monopolies and trusts make it impossible for small businesses to compete. Monopolies lower their prices to eliminate competition, and then they charge consumers even higher prices.

Speaker D: Big business is good for the country. It increases the nation’s wealth, provides jobs, and strengthens the country.

What would Speaker B most likely want the federal government to do?

• Regulate child labor.

• Adopt a progressive income tax.

• Strengthen the immigration laws.

• Support the concept of Social Darwinism.

The United States government’s use of laissez-faire principles during the late 19th century resulted in the

• commitment of aid to small American businesses

• decline in the number of factory jobs

• opposition of American businesses to protective tariffs

• growth of trusts and monopolies

During the late 1800s, the use of child labor in United States factories was most opposed by

• Parents

• Nativists

• Labor Unions

• Factory Owners

One way in which Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller are similar is that they both

• served in the United States Congress

• treated their workers with respect

• gave large sums of money to charitable causes

• made fortunes in the automobile industry

In the late 1800s, many employers used blacklisting to

• end the use of sweatshops

• discourage workers from joining labor unions

• restrict the use of open shops

• promote child labor reform

In the latter half of the 1800s, a large labor supply, an abundance of natural resources, and the construction of new railroads contributed most directly to the

• growth of American industry

• dependence on imported goods

• demand for limits on immigration

• rejection of high tariffs by the United States