What laboratory value change should indicate to a nurse that a patient with renal failure has entered the oliguric stage?

• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises. 
• Serum calcium increases
• Blood volume decreases
• Urin osmolality increases

What should nursing care focus on when caring for a patient with a ureteral catheter in place after the removal of a kidney stone?

• Irrigating the catheter regularly
• Assessing for patency 
• Including ureteral output with the bladder output
• Early ambulation

Which urine test provides the most accurate measurement of renal function?

• BUN 
• Phosphates
• Specific Gravity
• Creatinine

A nurse is caring for a patient after urinary diversion surgery. What postoperative nursing assessment is the priority?

• Level of fluid intake
• Position on the left side
• Keep the bed flat
• Bowel sounds 

A nurse is performing frequent catheterizations for residual urine. What causes the greatest concern for the nurse?

• Introduction of pathogens into the bladder
• Frequent genital exposure of the patient 
• Presence of the indwelling catheter
• Causing urethral erosion

A patient has a nephrostomy tube that has been inserted because of an obstruction in the ureter. What special precautions in the care of the nephrostomy tube should the nurse implement?

• Clamping every 2 hours to allow expansion of the kidney pelvis 
•  Instilling no more than 50 mL of sterile water if sterile irrigations are ordered
• Being certain the tube is connected, not kinked, or not clamped to ensure that it continually drains 
• Leaving the nephrostomy site open to air

A patient comes to the medical clinic with complaints of urgency, frequency, pain in the area of the symphysis pubis, and dark cloudy urine. What should the nurse suspect that this patient has?

• Urinary calculi, probably located in the ureter
• Kidney infection, most likely pyelonephritis
• Cystitis, probably from bacterial contamination 
• Interstitial cystitis (although rare in a male patient)

A patient who has cystitis has been told to drink at least 30 mL for each kilogram of body weight. Her weight is 154 lb. How many mL/day should the nurse instruct the patient to drink?

• 1500
• 2100
• 2700
• 3100

A home health patient diagnosed with cystitis has been prescribed the medication phenazopyridine (Pyridium). When providing patient teaching, what should the nurse caution the patient about?

• Staying out of the heat
• Nausea
• Staining of clothing
• Skin rash

What is the usual cause of the autoimmune disease of acute glomerulonephritis?

• Frequent cystitis
• Streptococcal infection 
• Childhood disease of mumps
• Recent wound infection