ES Test 4 Part 1

A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog? 

• dry line
• cold front
• tropical cyclone
• temperature inversion

Which air pollutants should be controlled to reduce ground-level ozone? 

• carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) from municipal landfills 
• nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gas stations 
• sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from electric power plants 
• chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aerosol cans 

When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused 

• by the reversal of the magnetic field of Earth. 
• when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere. 
• when electromagnetic waves from the Sun increase. 
• by abrupt changes in weather and climate patterns. 

Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant? 

• carbon monoxide (CO) 
• nitrogen oxide (NO) 
• methane (CH₄) 
• ozone (O₃) 

Which activity affects the atmosphere most?

• drilling for oil
• transporting oil
• using oil as fuel for trucks
• spraying oil on dirt roads

A student writes the following statement in a journal: “It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.” This statement best describes which system? 

• local weather
• local climate
• regional weather
• regional climate

A tourist brochure states that “Los Angeles, California, has a pleasant, comfortable climate where the average rainfall is around 38 centimeters per year. The climate makes it suitable for outdoor activities, including biking and hiking.” Which of the statements from the brochure is a fact? 

• Los Angeles has a pleasant climate. 
• Los Angeles is a good place to hike. 
• The average rainfall in Los Angeles is about 38 centimeters per year. 
• The climate of Los Angeles is comfortable for outdoor activities. 

Which of these events is an example of a change in climate? 

• Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight. 
• A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period. 
• An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form. 
• The average amount of annual precipitation decreases. 

Which statement best describes the climate of an area? 

• At 3:00 a.m. a winter storm warning was issued for Lake Tahoe. 
• At 4:00 p.m. the relative humidity in southern Nevada was 10%. 
• The average yearly rainfall in Nevada is approximately 23 cm. 
• The lowest temperature last week in Carson City was 9°C. 

Over a 30-year period residents of an area have noticed that spring-like conditions have been starting earlier each year. This general observation is most likely based on 

• a series of climate observations indicating a possible change in weather. 
• a series of weather observations indicating a possible change in climate. 
• using weather instead of climate to describe conditions in a small area. 
• using climate instead of weather to describe conditions in a small area.