ISTEP Biology Review 3

A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the

• specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
• rate at which the enzyme breaks down during a reaction it regulates
• pH of all body systems
• temperature of the products of the reaction it regulates

The diagram represents three sections of a cell membrane showing three different methods involved in the transport of various molecules across the membrane.
Methods A and B are classified as methods of passive transport because they do not require

• ATP
• Carbon Dioxide
• Light
• DNA

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NGSS.HS-LS2-3

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Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid?

• giant squids
• sand sharks
• sea cucumbers
• green algae

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In August 2010, the Asian clam was discovered in Lake George. It is not native to that area. A single clam can reproduce and release hundreds of offspring in a day. Fish and crayfish eat the clams but cannot keep pace with the rate at which the clams reproduce. The introduction of the Asian clam into Lake George is

• positive, because it adds to the stability of the ecosystem
• positive, because the fish and crayfi sh would otherwise not have food
• negative, because it decreases water pollution in the lake
• negative, because it competes with native clam species and reduces stability

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NGSS.HS-LS2-1

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

The process shown in the diagram is

• cellular respiration
• photosynthesis
• osmosis
• protein synthesis

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Female hammerhead sharks sometimes produce offspring by a type of asexual reproduction. These offspring

• are a result of the uniting of a male and a female gamete
• have cells that contain DNA found only in the female shark
• are considered to be a different species from the male parent
• have cells that contain genetic information from both parents

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

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The diagram shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated? 

• mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered 
• segregation of sister chromatids
• condensation and segregation of alleles
• crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged

Plant species X lives in a hot, dry environment. Slowly, over hundreds of years, the climate becomes wetter. Fungi attack species X and cause the population of species X to decrease. However, plant species X could survive if the plants

• try to mutate quickly and synthesize new proteins
• are watered often and fertilized with extra nutrients
•  can adapt to the new conditions by mating with the fungus
•  have a few members of the population that are fungus-resistant

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NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

The table shows which of four enzymes are present in three related plant species.
The tree diagrams below show two possible evolutionary relationships between the three species.
Identify the tree diagram that shows the most probable evolutionary relationship between the three species.

• 1
• 2

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

A group of students obtained the following data while trying to determine the effect of exercise on pulse rate.
Which statement is an example of an observation the students could have made?

• Pulse rates in beats per minute decrease for all people after exercise.
• Student A most likely exercises regularly
• The pulse rate of student C was dangerously low
• The pulse rate of student F increased by 30 beats per minute.