Social Studies Review 2016

The French Revolution (1789) began as a reaction to:

• unequal taxation.
• religious persecution.
• invasion by the Moors.
• a desire for democracy.

Historians have regarded the American Revolution as being of worldwide importance because it

• was won without foreign military assistance.
• was led by people of recognized intellectual ability.
• ended European imperialism in the Western Hemisphere.
• marked the successful emergence of a new concept in government.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."
- from The Declaration of Independence
This passage MOST accurately reflects the democratic ideals taken from

• the Enlightenment.
• ancient Legalist doctrine.
  
• the Protestant Reformation.
• the observations of Machiavelli.
  

Montesquieu is credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of

• natural rights.
• popular sovereignty.
• separation and balance of government power.
• government was created by man for his own purposes.

The Declaration of Independence and the "Social Contract Theory" both arose from which philosophical movement?

• Realism
  
• Humanism
• Enlightenment
• Existentialism
  

According to John Locke, if the government failed to protect natural rights, what did citizens have a right to do?

• To divide the government into three separate parts
• To elect new government leaders to rule the country
• To overthrow the government and establish a new one
• To create a direct democracy and allow individuals to govern
  

What did the ideas of John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau have in common?

• The philosophies challenged the traditional role of women.
• The philosophies inspired the American and French revolutions.
• The theories promoted fairness in the criminal justice system.
• The theories encouraged the establishment of absolute monarchs.

Which statement best describes a political theory of John Locke?

• Men and women are born free and entitled to equality.
• There should be a separation between church and state.
• A government's power comes from the consent of the people.
• The government should be divided into three separate branches.
  

Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power came as

• an opponent of the Revolution
• husband to Marie Antoinette
• after executing Louis XVI
• a French military hero
  

John Locke's Enlightenment idea of the "social contract" heavily influenced the American colonists' reponse to the enforcement of the Navigation Acts, the Stamp Act, the Townshend Act, the Tea Act, and the so-called Intolerable Acts.
What idea is stated by "social contract" theory?

• Legal rights are codified into law by a legislative body, and are culturally and politically relative.
• One natural right is the right to replace leaders if they fail to lead as the people desire.
• Natural rights are not contingent upon the laws, beliefs, or customs of a society.
• Governments derive their power from a social contract, which is a legal right.