The Enlightenment Review

The Enlightenment Review

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Multiple Choice

What did John Locke argue a people should do if their government does not protect their natural rights?

• Write the leader a strongly-worded letter

• Protest until you get your rights

• Get rid of the government and start a new one

• Ask another country to conquer yours

Multiple Choice

According to the US Constitution, all American citizens have the right to life, liberty, and property. These rights are known as

• civil rights

• state rights

• natural rights

• federal rights

Multiple Choice

This philosopher separated the government into three branches of government and argued for separation of powers.

• Diderot

• Locke

• Montesquieu

• Pythagoras

Multiple Choice

Which individual(s) publicized the concept of "natural rights," later found in the Declaration of Independence?

• King John's Barons

• Parliament

• Pilgrims

• John Locke

Poll

Did the Magna Carta give rights to everybody in England at the time?

• Yes, everyone got rights

• No, only freemen got rights

• No, only the nobles got rights

• No, only the king got rights

Multiple Choice

•Which Enlightenment idea is this document embracing by trying to equalize the power between the monarch and Parliament?

• separation of powers

• social contract theory

• natural rights

• popular sovereignty

Fill in the Blank

Which concept is being reinforced when everyone agrees to follow the rules

Written in early 1776

Multiple Choice

The statements below are from three amendments from the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution:

"Congress shall make no law...prohibiting...the right of the people...to petition the government for a redress of grievances."--First Amendment

"[T]he right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed."--Second Amendment

"[No] cruel and unusual punishments [shall be] inflicted"--Eighth Amendment

Which earlier document contained similar rights?

• Magna Carta (1215)

• Mayflower Compact (1620)

• English Bill of Rights (1689)

• Common Sense (1775)

Multiple Choice

How did the English Bill of Rights change the government structure of England?

• It increased the role of a sovereign leader over the people.

• It increased government spending and focused on absolute control.

• It limited Parliament's power and increased the power of the church.

• It limited the monarch's power to be shared with Parliament and the people.

Multiple Choice

Why was the Magna Carta important for the development of democracy?

• It made the Parliament more powerful than the King.

• It was the first document to grant all adults the right to vote.

• It guaranteed liberty and democracy to all citizens of Great Britain.

• The Magna Carta limited the King's power and prevented absolutism from taking hold in England.

Multiple Choice

In English history, the Magna Carta (1215) and the English Bill of Rights (1689) both reinforced the concept of

• universal suffrage (voting)

• a limited monarchy

• religious toleration

• a laissez-faire economy

Multiple Choice

The statement below is an excerpt from Magna Carta (1215).

No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or outlawed or exiled or any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him,except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land.

Which right was guaranteed in this excerpt from Magna Carta?

• No taxation without representation

• Freedom of the press

• Freedom of religion

• Trial by Jury

Multiple Choice

When this was published in early 1776, many American colonists became convinced that they should act to form a new kind of nation independent from the rule of Britain’s "cruel" courts.

• Common Sense

• Mayflower Compact

• Declaration of Independence

• Wealth of Nations

Multiple Choice

The Magna Carta is MOST important for which reason?

• it created Parliament

• it was the "great charter"

• it created the first democracy in England

• it put limits on the monarch's powers

Multiple Choice

How were the ideas of the Magna Carta similar to the ideas of the American colonists in the 1770s?

• They believed they could not be taxed without their consent.

• They believed they could not be governed by a far-away island.

• They favored rule of a king over an elected groups of representatives.

• They favored separation of powers of government into separate branches.

Multiple Choice

The central point of Thomas Paine's Common Sense was that it

• suggested economic reforms for the colonies.

• suggested a plan of compromise with Britain.

• pointed out why the colonists should follow the laws of British Parliament.

• pointed out why it was foolish for colonists to remain loyal to King George III.

Multiple Choice

The Founding Fathers believed that all people are born with "natural rights." Which line from the Declaration of Independence BEST represents the idea of "natural rights"?

• "... we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor."

• "... that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States..."

• "...it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security."

• "... all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights..."

Multiple Choice

Read the passage and answer the question.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; . . ."

This quotation is evidence that some of the basic ideas in the Declaration of Independence were derived from what source?

• adoptions of rules used by the Holy Roman Empire

• reflections of the philosophies of the European Enlightenment

• adaptations of the laws of Spanish colonial governments in North America

• limitations of the principles underlying most European governments of the 1700's

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the purpose of government according to the Declaration of Independence?

• "The main purpose of government is to expand and glorify the state."

• "The main purpose of government is to protect unalienable rights of people."

• "The main purpose of government is to protect the rights and privileges of the monarch."

• "The main purpose of government is to promote the general welfare of the community."

Multiple Choice

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. "

- Declaration of Independence

According to this passage from the Declaration of Independence, who gives government the power to exist?

• the king

• the people

• their Creator

• the government

Multiple Choice

Read the passage below from the Declaration of Independence.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

According to the passage, the most important purpose of government is to protect what?

• the truth

• the Church

• people's rights

• people from harm

Multiple Choice

The phrase in the Declaration of Independence stating "that governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed" illustrates the principle of

• federalism

• judicial review

• equality before the law

• Social Contract Theory

Multiple Choice

The Declaration of Independence included these complaints:

- Taxation without representation

- Limiting judicial powers

- Dissolving local lawmaking bodies

Which other complaint should be added to this list?

• Housing soldiers on the property of colonists

• Allowing the wealthy to avoid local laws

• Refusal to buy American goods

• The closing of churches

Multiple Choice

Which of these was a major philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

• support for states' rights and slavery

• a belief in the natural rights of citizens

• the need for a federal system of government

• a belief in the benefits of a laissez-faire economy