4.1.4 Types of Cells

Types of Cells 4.1.4

Notebook page 72

Open Ended

Compare the two cells. Type one difference you see between the bacteria cell on the left and the yeast cell on the right.

Multiple Choice

Review: What are the 3 domains of life?

• Fungi, Protista, Plantae
• Bacteria, Viruses, Eukarya
• Archaea, Fungi, Animalia
• Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

​Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

​Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in their cellular structure and complexity. Prokaryotes, such as bacteria and archaea, are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; their genetic material is free-floating in the cytoplasm.
In contrast, eukaryotes—like plants, animals, fungi, and protists—have a true nucleus that houses DNA and contain specialized organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, which perform distinct functions. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex, allowing them to form multicellular organisms, while prokaryotes are typically smaller and simpler.

​Launch Zoom Quiz

​All organisms are composed of cells.
Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell
Multicellular organisms consist of many cells.

Biologists often divide living things into two categories based on the structure of their cells.

These categories are:

• prokaryotes

• eukaryotes

​Eukaryotic Cell

A prokaryote is a cell that lacks a nucleus.

​YOU have eukaryotic cells. You are complex!

​A prokaryote consists of a single prokaryotic cell.

Prokaryotic Cells: lack a nucleus to surround their DNA and are unicellular, meaning they consist of one cell, they are simple in structure.

​ Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

​

​plasma membrane: which is a flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and holds the cell contents inside

​ribosomes: are organelles that produce proteins

​cell wall: a rigid structure that supports and protects the cells

​cytoplasm: jelly-like substance found in living cells that suspend, or hold the organelles

Match

Match the organelle of a prokaryotic cell to it's function.

• plasma membrane

• cell wall

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

regulates what enters and exits the cell

provides structure and protection

site of metabolic processes

protein synthesis

• regulates what enters and exits the cell

• provides structure and protection

• site of metabolic processes

• protein synthesis

Multiple Choice

True or False: Prokaryotic cells are very small compared to eukaryotic cells.

• true

• false

Eukaryotic Cells

All eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus that holds the cell's genetic material.

The nucleus is a type of membrane-bound organelle. A membrane-bound organelle is a structure within a cell that is surrounded by a membrane.

Eukaryotic cells contain other membrane-bound organelles that you will learn about in upcoming lessons. Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells also contain many of the same organelles as prokaryotes. Like prokaryotes, all eukaryotic cells contain:

• plasma membrane

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

Dropdown

Eukaryotes can be unicellular or ​

Select answer

. Eukaryotic cells are generally much ​

Select answer

than prokaryotic cells. The cells of eukaryotes are relatively ​

Select answer

, with many different membrane-bound organelles.

Let's wrap it up...


Prokaryotes are organisms in the Bacteria and Archaea domains

Prokaryotes are unicellular, small, and lack a nucleus

Eukaryotes are large and contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane.

Review Game?