EES Exam Review #2: Exosphere

Geocentric Model

• A model of space that put the Earth in the very middle of the stars and other planets

• This was the common belief of ancient Chinese and Greeks and lasted until the 1600s

• Most geocentric models only included the planets that were visible with their telescope

Heliocentric Model

• First proposed by ancient Greek scientist, Aristarchus

• His model claimed the Sun was the fixed center of the universe and not the Earth

• Modern heliocentric models show the Sun as the middle of our solar system (SS), and our SS inside a galaxy

The Big Bang Theory

• 13.7 billion years ago

• States that the universe began at a singularity (a hot, small, dense force) and started rapidly expanding

• Hubble observed that galaxies are moving further away from one another --> The universe is constantly expanding --> "Hubble's Law"

Evidence?

• Galaxies are constantly moving away (expanding)

• Cosmic Background Radiation, the afterglow of the Big Bang, can be observed

• Dark energy (mass --> gravity --> slows)

Nebular Theory

Formation of the Solar System (4.6 bya)

Formation of the Solar System

• 1. Nebula (cloud of gas & dust) --> gravity pulls on this cloud

• 2. Gravity collapses the nebula flat and begins to spin. Sun (H + He) forms in center

• 3. Heavier elements collide & clump (accretion) to form planets

Drag and Drop

This theory states that the universe formed from as singularity that rapidly expanded .

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Big Bang Theory

Nebular Theory

Giant Impact Theory

Geocentric Theory

Multiple Choice

This image shows the:

• Geocentric Solar System

• Heliocentric Solar System

Multiple Choice

What model does this represent?

• Geocentric 

• Heliocentric 

Drag and Drop

Concerning the Giant Impact theory, a Mars-sized “protoplanet” collided with Earth, releasing debris which eventually formed the .

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

moon

Earth

comets

asteroid belt

inner planets

Multiple Choice

What is the word for a large cloud of dust and gas that forms stars?

• singularity

• nebula

• galaxy

• black hole

Dropdown

According to the Big Bang theory the ​

Select answer

​ formed

Select answer

years ago

Dropdown

According to the Nebular theory the ​ ​

Select answer

​ formed ​​

Select answer

years ago

Dropdown

According to the Giant Impact Theory the ​​

Select answer

​ ​ formed ​​

Select answer

years ago​

Multiple Choice

What is the word for a cloud of dust and gas in space?

• solar system

• nebula

• galaxy

• black hole

Multiple Choice

During the formation of Earth, small space rocks are attracted to each other by

• gravitational forces

• light forces

• solar eclipses

• white dwarfs

There are three types of galaxies, Spiral, Irregular, and Elliptical. What shape is our galaxy?

Our galaxy, the Milky Way galaxy, is a spiral galaxy that looks somewhat like a pinwheel.

Stars and the HR Diagram

• The HR Diagram is a graph that compares the surface temperature of a star with its magnitude or how bright the would be if they were all the same distance from Earth.

• Luminosity is a term that measures how much energy leaves a star in a certain period of time.

• General Rule: As luminosity increases, brightness increases.

What do the axes on this chart show us about stars?

Temperature

Luminosity

Spectral Class

Magnitude

What affects luminosity?

• Temperature: As temperature increases, luminosity increases.

• Size: As size increases, luminosity increases.

• Most Luminous? Large and Hot

• Least Luminous? Small and Cool

Open Ended

What is the star closest to us?

THE SUN!

*When did our sun form?

*What are the layers of the sun?

*What is the composition of the sun?

*What happens in the center of the sun?

What are sunspots?

*How will our sun end it's life?

*What would happen if there was no sun?

Interior of the Sun

• The Sun's Interior is composed of three main sections:

• Core

• Radiation Zone

• Convection Zone

Multiple Choice

All stars start out as _______.

• Main Sequence

• Nebula

• Red Giants

• White Dwarfs

Multiple Choice

What type of galaxy do we live in?

• Spiral

• Elliptical

• Irregular

• Coaxial

Multiple Choice

What kind of galaxy is this?

• Ring

• Irregular

• Spiral

• Elliptical 

Multiple Choice

What Galaxy is Earth located?

• Andromeda

• Milky Way

• Sagittarius

• Snickers

Multiple Choice

What type of galaxy is this?

• Spiral

• Elliptical

• Irregular

• Irrational

Multiple Choice

What type of galaxy is this?

• Spiral

• Elliptical

• Irregular

• Irrational

Inner Planets

What are their characteristics?

Inner Planets

Made Of: Rock, known as Terrestrial Planets

Size: Smaller

Location: Closer to the Sun

Multiple Choice

What are the four inner planets?

• Earth, Uranus, Mercury, Venus

• Mercury Venus Earth Saturn

• Mars, Earth , Mercury, Venus

Multiple Choice

What planet is closest to the sun?

• Mercury

• Mars

• Jupiter

Multiple Choice

Which planet below is farthest from the sun?

• Mars

• Earth

• Jupiter

Multiple Choice

What are the outer planets?

• Jupiter, Saturn, Earth, Neptune

• Uranus, Saturn, Neptune, Jupiter

• Saturn, Neptune, Mars, Uranus

Multiple Choice

All the inner planets

• have at least one moon.

• have thick atmospheres.

• are rocky and have a solid outer layer.

Multiple Choice

What makes the Outer Planets different than the Inner Planets?

• They're made of rock and move slow

• They don't exsist

• They're made of gas and move fast

• They're made of gas and rock and move fast

Multiple Choice

This planet is called the "red planet"

• Jupitar

• Mars

• Venus

• Neptune

Multiple Choice

The largest planet with the most moons

• Earth

• Mars

• Mercury

• Jupiter

Multiple Choice

This planet has a brilliant set of rings

• Uranus

• Saturn

• Venus

• Mercury