The Crusades - Guided Reading Workbook

The Crusades

19.4 Guided Reading Workbook

Crusaders Invade the Holy Land

The Crusades were a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia. The Europeans fought the Muslims to retake Palestine. Christians call the region the Holy Land because it was where Jesus had lived, preached, and died. For many years, Palestine had been ruled by Muslims. In general, the Muslims did not bother Christians who visited the region. In the late 1000s, however, a new group of Turkish Muslims captured the city of Jerusalem. Pilgrims returning to Europe said that these Turks had attacked them.

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The Crusades were a series of wars between the Christians and the ​

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Muslims

Jews

Mongols

Hindus

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Christians called the area where Jesus lived, preached, and died the ​

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Turks raid the Byzantine Empire

Before long the Turks began to raid the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine emperor asked Pope Urban II of the Roman Catholic Church for help. Although the Byzantines were Eastern Orthodox Christians and not Roman Catholic, the pope agreed to help.

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The Byzantine Emperor asked ​

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to help defeat the Muslim Turks. The Byzantines were ​

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but pope agreed to help.

Christians fight for the Holy Land

Pope Urban called on Christians to retake the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks. Crusaders from all over Europe flocked to France to prepare to fight. About 5,000 Crusaders left Europe for the Holy Land in 1096. Many were peasants, not soldiers. On their way to the Holy Land, the peasant Crusaders attacked Jews in Germany. They blamed the Jews for Jesus’s death. Turkish troops killed most of these untrained peasants before they even reached the Holy Land. However, the nobles and knights, in 1099, were able take Jerusalem and set up four kingdoms there.

Multiple Choice

What happened to the peasant crusaders?

• They were trained and made into knights.

• They were successful and given large land grants.

• They were killed before they reached the Holy Land.

• They were welcomed by the local population.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following were NOT true about the early Crusades?

• Nobles and knights took back control of Jerusalem.

• Peasant Crusaders attacked Jews, blaming them for Jesus' death.

• About 5,000 Crusaders set out to defend the Holy Land.

• Most Crusaders were well trained soldiers.

Later Crusades Fail

Within 50 years the Muslims had started taking land back from the Christians. The Europeans launched more Crusades, but these invasions ended in defeat for the Christians. The Third Crusade started as a group effort between the German, French, and English kings. But only King Richard I of England stayed on to fight. His opponent was the brilliant Muslim leader Saladin, known for his kindness toward fallen enemies. Eventually, King Richard left the Holy Land, which was still under Muslim control. By 1291, Muslim armies had taken back all of the Holy Land. The Crusades were over.

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Overall, the Crusades were successful at regaining control of the Holy Land.

Crusades Change Europe

The Crusades increased trade between Europe and Asia. In some cases, the Crusades increased the power of the European kings. But the main impact of the wars was divisive. The Crusades hurt the trust European Jews had developed with Christians. The Crusades also caused distrust between Muslims and Christians. Those tensions are still felt today.

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Which of the following were major impacts of the crusades? Choose all that apply.

• Distrust between religious groups

• Christians kept control of the Holy Lands

• Increased trade between Europe and Asia

• European kings became more powerful

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​

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agreed to help the Byzantines who were attacked by Muslim Turks in the Holy Land.

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​ The leader of the Muslim forces who was respected for his kindness toward fallen enemies was​

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.

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​ Though rulers of England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire led armies during the Third Crusade, only

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of England stayed in the Holy Land to fight.

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​ Palestine is called the ​

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because it was the region where Jesus lived, preached, and died.

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​ The goal of the Crusades was to take control of the ​

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away from Muslim Turks.

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​ Following the Crusades, tension between Christians, Jews, and ​

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grew.

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​ The

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were a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia.