Philippine Folk Literature

Philippine Folk Literature

Pre-Spanish Literature of the Philippines

​GUESS WHO?

GUESS WHAT​

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​Jose Rizal

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DARNA

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LASTIKMAN

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TIKBALANG

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MANANANGGAL

Philippine Folk Literature

Pre-Spanish Literature of the Philippines

​Early Forms of Literature

✘ Folklore

✗ Myths

✗ Folktales

✗ Legends

✗ Fables

ENG S211

Philippine Folk Literature

FOLKLORE

​✘ Collection of fictional stories about animals and people, cultural myths, jokes, songs, tales, and even quotes.

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✘ Traditions, customs, and stories that are passed along by word of mouth in a culture — Oral Literature/ Orature

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✘ Collected and written down only after they have been told for many years.

ENG S211

Philippine Folk Literature

FOLKLORE

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​Philippine Folk Literature

Pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives, and indigenous rituals and mimetic dances.

ENG S211

Philippine Folk Literature

Classification of Philippine Folk Literature

University of the Philippines Professor, Damiana Eugenio, classified Philippines Folk Literature into three major groups:

✗ folk narratives

✗ folk speech

✗ folk songs

ENG S211

Philippine Folk Literature

Classification of Philippine Folk Literature

✘ Folk narratives

✗ either be in prose:

✗ myth

✗ alamat (legend),

✗ kuwentong bayan (folktale),

✗ or verse

✗ folk epic.

ENG S211

Philippine Folk Literature

✘ Folk speech

✗ Bugtong (riddles)

✗ Salawikain (proverbs

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​✘ Folk songs

✗ folk ballads

Multiple Choice

The following are the ages of Philippine Precolonial literature according to Arsenio Manuel except...

• Heroic Age

• Folktales

• Folklore

• Mythological Age

ARSENIO MANUEL

A literary scholar notable for his studies on Philippine folk literature. He divided the Philippine precolonial literature into three:

✗ Mythological Age

✗Heroic Age

✗ ​Folktales

ENG S211

Philippine Folk Literature

✗ Mythological Age

• Ancestors' stories about the creation of human beings and the world, supernatural phenomena, deities, and spirits.

✗Heroic Age

• Ordinary ​mortals and cultural heroes. Epics became popular to inspire people and remind the community of their beliefs and values.

✗ ​Folktales

• ​Traditional stories had humans, animals, and even plants as characters. Fictional tales have been modified through successive retellings before they were recorded and written down.

ENG S211

Philippine Folk Literature

Philippine

Folk

Narratives​

Multiple Choice

Stories that make use of gods and goddesses. It is the explanation of the occurrence of supernatural events, cultural traditions, and the existence of mysteries.

• Folktales

• Folklores

• Myths

• Legends

Multiple Choice

The Tagalog deity for the king of the gods.

• Apolaki

• Bathala

• Mayari

• Tala

Multiple Choice

The Tagalog diety: goddess of stars.

• Apolaki

• Bathala

• Mayari

• Tala

Multiple Choice

The Tagalog diety: goddess of the moon.

• Apolaki

• Luna

• Mayari

• Buwan

Multiple Choice

The Tagalog diety: god of the underworld.

AKA "Moon Eater" with the image of a serpent or dragon, and responsible for eclipses

• Lupon

• Hades

• Bakunawa

• Bagani

Multiple Choice

The Tagalog deity: goddess of the Sun.

• Apolaki

• Kaluwahatian

• Araw

• Hiraya

Multiple Choice

It is the home of ancient Philippine gods and goddesses.

• Kaluwalhatian

• Bayanban

• Kalangitan

• Bahay Bathala

Multiple Choice

It is believed to be a bird that is said to be the first creature that inhabited the earth.

• Amihan

• Bakunawa

• Kalapati

• Makiling

Multiple Choice

It is a belief that everything has souls and spirits.

• Judaism

• Tagalog Tales

• Tagalog Deities

• Animism