Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement

By SARAH JOINER

​Source 1

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, 1868 “All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

​Source 2

Integrated classroom in Anacostia High School, Washington, D.C. in 1957 Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court case in 1954. In a unanimous decision, the court ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional because "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."

​Source 3 Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement

• 1868- 14th Amendment added to the U.S. Constitution

• 1896-Plessy vs. Ferguson establishes “separate but equal”

• 1948-U.S. Army is desegregated

• ​1954 -Brown vs Board of Education desegregates schools

• ​1955-Montgomery Bus Boycott Begins

• 1960-Woolworth Lunch Counter Sit-In

• 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers his “I Have a Dream” speech

• 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964

​Source 4 Civil Rights Message, President John F. Kennedy, June 11, 1963 “…I hope that every American, regardless of where he lives, will stop and examine his conscience about this and other related incidents. This Nation was founded by men of many nations and backgrounds. It was founded on the principle that all men are created equal, and that the rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened. Today we are committed to a worldwide struggle to promote and protect the rights of all who wish to be free. And when Americans are sent to Vietnam or West Berlin, we do not ask for whites only. It ought to be possible, therefore, for American students of any color to attend any public institution they select without having to be backed up by troops. It ought to be possible for American consumers of any color to receive equal service in places of public accommodation, such as hotels and restaurants and theaters and retail stores, without being forced to resort to demonstrations in the street, and it ought to be possible for American citizens of any color to register and to vote in a free election without interference or fear of reprisal. It ought to be possible, in short, for every American to enjoy the privileges of being American without regard to his race or his color. In short, every American ought to have the right to be treated as he would wish to be treated, as one would wish his children to be treated. But this is not the case…”

Multiple Choice

Based on all of the sources, which statement best explains how the 14th Amendment relates to the Civil Rights Movement?

• The 14th Amendment states that everyone born in the United States is a citizen, and African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement were trying to become citizens

• The 14th Amendment states that everyone born in the United States is a citizen with certain privileges and freedoms, and African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement wanted to have the voting rights guaranteed for United States citizens by the U.S. Constitution.

• The 14th Amendment states that everyone born in the United States is a citizen, but during the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans did not want to be considered United States citizens since they all could not vote in elections

• The 14th Amendment states that everyone born in the Unites States is a citizen, and during the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans were fighting to end slavery.

Multiple Choice

Based on Source 1, why are amendments added to the United States Constitution?

• To provide more laws for people to follow.

• To explain who can and cannot vote

• To expand and explain the rights of the citizens.

• To protect people from irresponsible businesses.

Multiple Choice

Based on Sources 2 and 3, how were the Supreme Court cases Plessy vs. Ferguson and Brown vs. Board of Education related?

• Both Supreme Court cases were considered victories for African Americans in their fight for equal rights.

• Both Supreme Court cases resulted in “separate but equal” rulings.

• The judge in Plessy vs. Ferguson decided separate train cars were unconstitutional, but the judge in Brown vs. Board of Education decided that separate schools could be decided by the states.

• Plessy vs. Ferguson resulted in “separate but equal” facilities for African Americans, but Brown vs. Board of Education‘s decision began the process of desegregation.

Multiple Choice

Which strategy for generating change was encouraged by Martin Luther King, Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement?

• Strikes

• Lawsuits

• Nonviolent protests

• Military conflicts

Multiple Choice

Based on Sources 3 and 5, when did Martin Luther King, Jr. deliver his “I Have a Dream” speech?

• After Rosa Parks was arrested

• During the March on Washington.

• While he was in a Birmingham jail.

• During a boycott of busses and trains.

Multiple Choice

What was the result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

• Rioting in the streets

• All of the bus drivers were fired

• Rosa Parks was arrested.

• The bus company lost money

Multiple Select

Dylan is participating in a protest against a company that cuts down too many trees and he believes is hurting the environment. Which two liberties is he exercising?

• Right to vote

• Freedom of speech

• Freedom of religion

• Right to assemble

• Right to remain silent

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a responsibility of a United States Citizen?

• Participate in protests

• Go to college

• Pay taxes

• Join the military

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is both a right and a responsibility?

• Driving a car

• Voting in an election

• Practicing a religion

• Recycling

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was not an amendment focusing on voting rights of citizens?

• The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

• The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

• The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

• The 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution