Lipid Review Lesson

Lipid Review Lesson

by Chris Tindle

​Lipids

​Lipids, also known as Fats, Oils, Sterols, and Waxes are these wonderful little macromolecules made up of

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​Carbon (found in all Lipids)

​Hydrogen (found in all Lipids)

​Oxygen (found in all Lipids)

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​*Phosphorus (only found in Phospholipids)

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​The same elements that make up Carbohydrates are the exact same ones found in Lipids! Nioce :)

​Lipid Building Blocks

​The monomers of lipids are incredibly unique among the macromolecules. This is because, unlike the other macromolecules, they are made up of two different structures:

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​Fatty Acid Head (also known as Glycerol Head)

​Fatty Acid Tail (3 for Triglycerides 2 for Phospholipids)

Multiple Select

What are the three chemical elements found in ALL Lipids? 

• Carbon 

• Hydrogen 

• Oxygen

• Phosphorus 

• Nitrogen 

Multiple Select

What three chemical elements are shared between Lipids and Carbohydrates?

• Helium

• Nitrogen

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

• Carbon

Fill in the Blank

Review Time: The monomer for a carbohydrate is called a....

Hint: Together it means "One sugar"

Open Ended

What are the monomer(s) of Lipids? 

Hint: If your answer doesn't contain at least two structures then its incorrect

​Lipid Bonding

​Lipids bond together through a reaction known as

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​Dehydration Reaction

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​that causes bonds to form between the monomer(s) of lipids. These bonds are called

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​Ester Linkages/Bonds

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the reaction that causes bonds to form between monomer(s) of Lipids. Again, the NAME OF THE REACTION not the name of the bond

• Peptide Bond

• Glycosidic Linkage

• Dehydration Reaction

• Ester Linkage/Bond

• Phosphodiester Bonds

​The various types of Lipids

• ​Lipids have a large variety present within them. The various types of Lipids are shown to the right.

• ​Each type of Lipids has distinct features that separate them from one another but enough similarities that they are classified under the same Lipid label.

​Some Details about the Different Lipid Structures

​Referring back to the previous slide, each lipids has a distinct shape.

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​Triglycerides always have 3 fatty acid tails (denoted by the Tri present in the name)

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​Phospholipids, unlike Triglycerides, always have 2 fatty acid tails

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​Sterols always have at least 4 linked/fused carbon rings in their structure

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​We won't worry too much about Waxes.

Multiple Choice

Which type of Lipid has at least 4 carbon rings fused to one another?

• Sterol

• Triglyceride

• Phospholipid 

• Wax

​Types of Fatty Acids

​This picture here goes into great

​detail on the different types of

​fatty acids.

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​I ask you all to pay specific attention to the BIG 3

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​Saturated Fats (good in moderation)

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​Unsaturated Fats (healthiest fat)

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​Trans Fat (very similar in appearance to Saturated Fats but chemically similar to Unsaturated Fats)

Multiple Select

What are the BIG 3 types of Fatty Acids?

• Unsaturated Fats

• Trans Fat

• Saturated Fat

• Omega 3 Fatty Acids

• Omega 6 Fatty Acids

​The various roles Lipids serve in the body

​Energy storage. Gram for gram fats contain almost twice as much energy as carbohydrates. They make for a fantastic backup energy source when the carbs in your body are used up.

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Vital as structural components . The phospholipids and cholesterol are vital in keeping the cell membrane fluid and semi-permeable.

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Carrier of vitamins. In the diet, fat is a carrier for the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, and supports their absorption in the intestine. Consuming sufficient amounts of fatty foods that contain these vitamins is thus essential for adequate intake of these micronutrients. 

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Insulation. Fats are incredible at preserving body heat. Seals are a great example, they have fat in the form of blubber that allows them to maintain their body temperature in freezing water.

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Other functions of the role of fats are covered in the Omega Fatty acids, which were not mentioned here.

Open Ended

Give me, in your own words, one function of Lipids.

Open Ended

Give me, in your own words, at least one function of Carbs.