Germ Theory EOC Review

Germ Theory EOC Review

Pre-Assessment

Multiple Choice

In 1847, a scientist noted that when physicians washed their hands before they had contact with their patients, there was a decreased number of infections. This was one of the first clues that -

• substances such as bacteria may cause disease

• bacteria generate spontaneously on hands

• physicians deliberately infect patients

• bacteria are present in water

Multiple Choice

Which scientist designed a special flask that allowed air in but kept microbes out and once and for all disproved spontaneous generation?

• Redi

• Needham

• Spallanzani

• Pasteur

Multiple Choice

The German physician Robert Koch provided evidence to support the germ theory of infectious disease. Koch isolated bacteria from a cow with anthrax, then injected the bacteria into a healthy mouse. To support germ theory, what must have happened to the healthy mouse?

• It produced antibiotics

• It became immune to viral infections

• It spread smallpox

• It became sick

Multiple Choice

Health practices today include teaching sanitation, the safe handling of food and water, aseptic techniques, and the development of vaccinations. These examples show that people have accepted the principals of which theory?

• The Theory of Evolution

• Cell Theory

• The Theory of Spontaneous Generation

• Germ Theory

Germ Theory states that infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms

• Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, and even some fungi and protists

• Disease-causing microorganisms are also called pathogens

Multiple Choice

The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by -

• heredity

• microorganisms

• chemicals

• toxins

Before germ theory, people believed in spontaneous generation

• Spontaneous generation was the belief that small living things just appeared from non-living things like rotting meat, as if by magic

• This meant they didn't understand how microorganisms could spread

• Obviously, this is NOT CORRECT

Multiple Choice

The belief that living things can come from non-living things is called -

• Germ Theory

• Cell Theory

• Spontaneous Generation

• Microorganism Magic

Louis Pasteur DISPROVED spontaneous generation

• Using special flasks, he showed that broth only spoiled (grew bacteria) when it was exposed to other bacteria
  

Multiple Choice

Louis Pasteur helped discredit what theory?

• Evolution

• Miasma theory

• Spontaneous generation

• Germ theory

Robert Koch proved that specific microorganisms cause specific diseases

• He created "Koch's Postulates", a test to prove his discovery, and discovered the cause for several diseases, like anthrax

Multiple Choice

Which scientist created a set of postulates to identify that germs are responsible for causing diseases?

• Pasteur

• Semmelweis

• Snow

• Koch

Germ Theory improved hygiene, food safety, and medicine!

• People learned the importance of sanitation

• Scientists were able to create antibiotics and vaccines

Multiple Choice

Although controversial at first, the germ theory proposed that microorganisms were the cause of many diseases. Which of these was a result of the general acceptance that microorganisms cause disease?

• The development and use of antibiotics

• The belief in spontaneous generation

• The link between viruses and RNA

• The proof of a supernatural cause for illness

Post-Assessment

Multiple Choice

-A surgeon washes his hands and puts gloves on before surgery

-A medical instrument is sealed in an air-tight container before use

-Meat is kept in an air-tight container in a refridgerated area

-Milk is pasteurized before being distributed

These practices were created due to the discovery of the -

• microorganisms theory

• germ theory

• cell theory

• sensitization theory

Multiple Choice

The results of Pastuer's experiment helped Pasteur to -

• reject the theory of spontaneous generation

• isolate the virus responsible for smallpox

• convince people to cover food

• produce a vaccine against rabies

Multiple Choice

In an anthrax experiment, the scientist Robert Koch began growing anthrax rods in sterile fluid. He then inserted the rods into mice. The infected mice always died. After dissection, Koch found that each mouse was infested with anthrax rods. What did Koch prove at the conclusion of this experiment?

• Some organisms are resistant to viral microbes

• Viruses cannot be spread through the air

• Viruses cause host cells to produce new proteins

• Specific microbes cause a specific disease

Multiple Choice

Pasteur conducted an experiment to see if sterile nutrients could spontaneously generate microbial life. He concluded that microbial life could only come from other microbial life and do not spontaneously generate. This conclusion led to the -

• classification of new microbial species

• development of spontaneous microbial life procedures

• process of sterilizing medical equipment

• creation of new nutrient-rich foods