Scientific Revolution and The Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution and The Enlightenment

1500s - 1700s

Multiple Choice

What do you think the Scientific Revolution was?

• A) Introduction of old ideas using God

• B) Introduction of new ideas using science

• C) Introduction of magic

The Scientific Revolution was

• 1500s (after the Middle Ages)

• Introduced new ideas to challenge old ideas

• NAMES: Copernicus, Galileo, and Isaac Newton

Multiple Choice

What is the HELIOCENTRIC Theory?

• A) The sun is the center

• B) The earth is the center

• C) The moon is the center

Multiple Choice

Why did the heliocentric model create problems for the Catholic Church?

• A) It went against the teachings and the power of the church.

• B) There was no evidence that this model was accurate.

• C) It proved that the earth is the center of the universe.

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes Copernicus, Galileo, and Isaac Newton?

• A) They accepted traditional teachings of ancient philosophers (teachers).

• B) They used science to solve problems.

• C) They studied ancient Greek and Roman theater.

Multiple Choice

What is the scientific method?

• A) Using experiments and data to answer questions

• B) A model of the universe

• C) Ask the church to give answers

Poll

What kind of government do you want to live in?

• Monarchy (kings)

• Republic (people have the power)

• Oligarchy (group of men have the power)

The Divine Right of Kings

- Kings get their power and authority from God

The Enlightenment

• 1700s

• Ideas began to change the world

• What is the role of government?

John Locke

• born 1632

• Life, Liberty, and Property

• Men are born good

Thomas Hobbes

• Born 1588

• People need a monarch (king)

• Life is solitary, brutish, and short

• Men are born evil and selfish

Jean Jacque Rousseau

• Born 1712

• People need a social contract

• Men are born free

Thomas Jefferson

• Born 1743

• Got his ideas from John Locke

• Men are born with life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• Third president of the United States

Mary Wollstonecraft

• Female philosopher

• women hosted and participated in salons

• men and women are equals

Salons and Women

• Women were also philosophers

• Women hosted and participated in slaons

• Mary Wollstonecraft is one of the best female philosophers

John Locke vs. Thomas Jefferson

• Locke: life, liberty, and property

• Jefferson: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• What did both men agree on?

Multiple Choice

“The State of nature treats everyone equally. Reason (good evidence) teaches all mankind .. that we are all equal, no government should harm a man’s life, liberty, or property.”

John Locke, Two Treatises on Government, 1698

“We hold these truths to be true; All men are created equal, that God gave them certain rights, among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Thomas Jefferson, US Declaration of Independence, 1776

QUESTION: What is the main idea of both of these quotes?

• Men are created unequal

• All power should be with the kings

• All men are born with the same rights

What are the Bill of Rights

Found in the U.S. Constitution

Cesare Beccaria

• Why should we punish people who commit crimes?

• Why was the death penalty harmful to society?

• What is the best way to prevent crime?

• We use his ideas in the U.S. Constitution

Multiple Choice

The reason for punishment is to prevent the criminal from doing further injury to society, and to keep others from committing the same kinds of crimes. ….The torture of a criminal during his trial is a cruelty accepted by tradition in most nations. It is used to either make him confess his crime, or to explain some lie into which he had been led into during interrogation or to discover others who committed the crime with him, or to discover other crimes of which he was not accused, but of which he may be guilty….

QUESTION: According to Beccaria, why should we punish people who commit crimes?

• To prevent the criminal from doing further injury or harm to society

• To provide public entertainment

• To support the rule of a king

Multiple Choice

The punishment of death is destructive to society, because it gives men the chance to be cruel to one another. If the passions or the need of war, have taught men to kill one another, the laws which are made to lessen the violence and savage of mankind, should not increase it by use of the death penalty…

QUESTION: According to Beccaria, why was the death penalty harmful to society?

• The bloody executions or deaths made people sick.

• Laws shouldn’t punish murder with murder.

• Too many innocent people are killed.

Multiple Choice

How do we prevent crimes? Let the laws be clear and simple, let the entire force of the nation be united in their defense, let them be intended rather to favor every individual than any particular class of men; let the laws be feared, and the laws only. The fear of the laws is a good thing, but fear of man is a fatal source of crimes.

QUESTION: According to Beccaria, what is the best way to prevent crime?

• Use torture as a punishment

• Use the death penalty

• Make laws that are clear and simple

How did the Enlightenment help create human history?

• The ideas of Locke helped others stand up for their rights.