Introduction to Educational Psychology

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Educational Psychology

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Field of study on how people learn in educational setting

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Cognitive Development

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In thinking, problem-solving, and understanding over time

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Behaviorism

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Theory focused on observable behaviors and external stimuli

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At which level do people make moral decisions to avoid punishment or gain rewards?

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Preconventional level

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Jean Piaget’s Stages

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Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

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Zone of Proximal Development

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between what a learner can do alone and with help

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Using reinforcement in class

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Positive behavior to encourage repetition

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At the Postconventional level, moral reasoning is guided by what?

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Internal moral principles and universal ethical values (e.g., justice, human rights).

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What are the three main stages in the Information Processing Model?

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Sensory Memory → Working Memory → Long-Term Memory

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How is elaboration different from association?

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Association links ideas together; elaboration expands the link with meaning, examples, or personal relevance.