Unit 3 Post Classical Civilizations Vocabulary

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Byzantine Empire

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The continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, known for its capital city, Constantinople.

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The Great Schism

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The division of the Christian Church in 1054 into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Eastern Orthodoxy

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A branch of Christianity that developed in the Eastern Roman Empire and does not recognize the Pope as its leader.

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Justinian’s Code

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A collection of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I.

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Manorialism

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The organizing principle of rural economy and society in medieval Europe, characterized by the vesting of legal and economic power in a lord of the manor.

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Feudalism

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A social system in medieval Europe where people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and land in return.

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Gold-Salt Trade

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A trade system in West Africa where gold and salt were exchanged, significantly contributing to the wealth of African empires like Ghana and Mali.

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Syncretism

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The blending of different religious, cultural, or philosophical beliefs and practices.

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Islamic Caliphate

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A form of Islamic government led by a caliph, considered a political and religious successor to the prophet Muhammad.

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Crusades

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A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, primarily to reclaim Jerusalem and other holy lands from Muslim rule.