Carbon Chemistry

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Frame of Reference Noun

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[freym uhv ref-er-uhns]

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Frame of Reference

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A system of objects that are not moving with respect to one another, which is used to describe motion.

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Example: From the perspective (frame of reference) of person C, the cart is moving. From the frame of reference of point A, point B is not moving.

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Relative Motion Noun

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[rel-uh-tiv moh-shuhn]

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Relative Motion

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Movement in relation to a specific frame of reference, which depends on the observer's point of view.

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Example: The image shows how the motion of an object (like a bicycle or dog) is measured differently depending on the observer's own motion or frame of reference (like the ground or a moving river).

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Distance Noun

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[dis-tuhns]

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Distance

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The total length of the path traveled by a moving object between its starting and ending points.

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Example: This image shows the distance a car travels between two points, a home and a school, represented by a straight line with a start and end.

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Displacement Noun

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[dis-pleys-muhnt]

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Displacement

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The length and direction of a straight line from an object's starting point to its ending point.

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Example: The cyclist's total path is the distance traveled (4m + 3m = 7m), but their displacement is the shortest straight-line distance from start to finish (5m).

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Vector Noun

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[vek-ter]

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Vector

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A quantity that is defined by having both a magnitude, such as size or length, and a direction.

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Example: This image shows a position vector, an arrow with a specific length (magnitude) and direction, pointing from an origin (0,0,0) to a point in space.

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Resultant Vector Noun

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[ri-zuhl-tnt vek-ter]

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Resultant Vector

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The vector sum of two or more vectors, representing the total combined effect of the individual vectors.

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Example: This diagram shows adding two vectors (A and B) head-to-tail to find the total combined effect, called the resultant vector (C).

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Speed Noun

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[speed]

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Speed

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The ratio of the distance an object moves to the amount of time the object is in motion.

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Example: This image shows a car traveling a 20 km distance in 1 hour, using the formula Speed = Distance / Time to calculate the speed.

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Average Speed Noun

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[av-er-ij speed]

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Average Speed

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The total distance an object travels divided by the total time it takes to travel that specific distance.

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Example: This diagram shows that speed is calculated by dividing the distance an object travels by the time it takes, using a car as an example.

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Instantaneous Speed Noun

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[in-stuhn-tey-nee-uhs speed]

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Instantaneous Speed

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The rate at which an object is moving at a single, specific moment in time during its journey.

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Example: A car's speedometer shows its speed at a specific moment, which is its instantaneous speed, regardless of its average speed over a journey.

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Velocity Noun

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[vuh-los-i-tee]

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Velocity

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A vector quantity that describes both the speed and the specific direction of an object's motion.

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Example: A car moves in a specific direction (left) at a constant speed (20 m.p.h.), which together define its velocity.