Bone C

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Bone disorders

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 Imbalances between bone deposit and bone resorption underlie nearly every disease that affects the human skeleton.

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Three major bones diseases

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1.Osteomalacia and rickets

2.Osteoporosis

3.Paget’s disease

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Osteomalacia (in adults)

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◦Bones are poorly mineralized

◦Osteoid is produced, but calcium salts not adequately deposited

◦Results in soft, weak bones

◦Pain upon bearing weight

◦Cause: vitamin D deficiency or insufficient dietary calcium, kidney disorders

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Rickets (osteomalacia of children)

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◦Results in bowed legs and other bone deformities because bones ends are enlarged and abnormally long

◦Cause: vitamin D deficiency or insufficient dietary calcium, kidney disorders, genetics

◦Treatment: replace deficiencies with supplements and/or treat the underlying condition if possible

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Osteoporosis

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 is a group of diseases in which bone resorption exceeds deposit

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in Osteoporosis matrix remains

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 Matrix remains normal, but bone mass declines

◦Spongy bone of spine and neck of femur most susceptible

◦Vertebral and hip fractures common

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Risk factors for osteoporosis

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◦Most often aged, postmenopausal women

◦Affects 30% of women aged 60–70 years and 70% by age 80

◦Estrogen plays a role in bone density, so when levels drop at menopause, women run higher risk

◦Men are less prone due to protection by the effects of testosterone

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Additional risk factors for osteoporosis

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◦Insufficient exercise to stress bones

◦Diet poor in calcium and protein

◦Smoking

◦Genetics

◦Hormone-related conditions

◦Hyperthyroidism

◦Diabetes mellitus

Consumption of alcohol or certain medications

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Treating osteoporosis

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◦Traditional treatments include calcium, vitamin D supplements, and weight-bearing exercise

◦Hormone replacement therapy is NOT a first line option

◦Slows bone loss but does not reverse it

Controversial because of increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and breast

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What are other drugs for osteoporosis

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Bisphosphonates, Denosumab