BIO 205 Sample Midterm Fall 2025

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Thin peptidoglycan in cell wall

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Gram negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall, which is surrounded by an outer membrane.

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Ticks, fleas, lice, tapeworms

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These organisms are classified as parasites, which live on or in a host and benefit at the host's expense.

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pH where most bacteria that infect humans grow

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Most bacteria that infect humans thrive in a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5, which is close to neutral.

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Type of microorganism classified as a eukaryotic cell

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Fungi are classified as eukaryotic cells, which have a defined nucleus and organelles.

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Protective structure formed by some bacteria to survive harsh conditions

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An endospore is a protective structure formed by some bacteria, allowing them to survive extreme conditions.

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Definition of Gram positive bacteria

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Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall and retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure.

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Role of biofilms in microbial communities

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Biofilms are structured communities of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces, providing protection and enhanced survival.

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Characteristics of viruses

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Viruses are acellular entities that require a host cell to replicate and are composed of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.

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Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

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Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and organelles.

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Function of lipopolysaccharides in Gram negative bacteria

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Lipopolysaccharides are components of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, contributing to their structural integrity and immune evasion.