Periodic Table & Element Structure Vocabulary

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Atom

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The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of that element; contains a nucleus within a surrounding electron cloud

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Atomic Mass

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The weighted average mass of an element based on the abundances of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element

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Atomic Number

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The number of protons found in the nucleus of an element, represented by the letter Z

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Atomic Radius

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The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electron orbital, which is usually measured in picometers or angstroms

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Bohr Model

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A model that was defined by Niels Bohr in 1913 and that shows the negatively charged electrons of the atom traveling around the positively charged nucleus in discrete circular orbits, much like the structure of the solar system

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Charge

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May be positive, negative, or neutral; can be present on subatomic particles, atoms, or molecules; causes the object to interact with electromagnetic fields or other charged particles

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Covalent Bond

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A form of chemical bond that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms

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Electron

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A negatively charged subatomic particle of the electron cloud; involved in the formation of chemical bonds

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Electron Cloud

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All of the area inside an atom surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found

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Electron Orbitals

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The specific regions around the nucleus of an atom in which electrons travel