N5 1.5 Flashcards Genetic Engineering

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Genetic Engineering (also known as genetic modification)

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Transferring DNA from one organism to another

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Genetically modified (GM)

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an organism described that has received a gene/DNA from another organism

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Plasmid

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A small ring of DNA found in bacterial cells

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Benefits of using bacterial cells in genetic engineering

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They can multiply quickly and they contain plasmids.

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Insulin

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is a hormone produced by genetic engineering and is used to treat type 1 diabetes

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Human Growth hormone

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can be produced by genetic engineering to treat people with growth issues.

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Stages of genetic engineering

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1.Section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome identified.

2.Required gene extracted using enzymes.

3.Plasmid extracted from bacterial cell and cut open using enzymes.

4.Gene inserted and sealed into plasmid

using an enzyme.

5. 5.Plasmid is inserted into a host bacterial cell which reproduces and the protein produced is collected for use.

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Enzymes

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Used in the process of genetic engineering to:

remove the required gene from the source chromosome.

cut open the plasmid.

seal the required gene into the plasmid.

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Host bacterial cell

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bacterial cell that receives the plasmid containing the required gene and as a result becomes genetically modified.

(different from the cell the plasmid is removed from)