AP Biology- Water, Carbon, and Macromolecules

Front

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Back

Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates, serving as the building blocks for larger carbohydrate structures.

Front

What is the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Back

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks down polymers by adding water.

Front

What are enantiomers?

Back

Enantiomers are molecules that are mirror images of one another, often differing in their spatial arrangement.

Front

How many electron pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell?

Back

Carbon shares 4 electron pairs to complete its valence shell, allowing it to form four covalent bonds.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Back

The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Back

The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy and serve as structural components in cells.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Back

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds.

Front

What is the structure of an amino acid?

Back

An amino acid consists of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.