AP Biology: Unit 1 Review (CED)

Front

What is hydrogen bonding in water molecules?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (like oxygen) and another electronegative atom. It is responsible for water's unique properties such as cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.

Front

What is hydrolysis?

Back

Hydrolysis is a chemical process that involves the breaking of a bond in a polymer by the addition of water, resulting in the formation of smaller molecules.

Front

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

Back

Water is considered polar because it has polar covalent bonds, where the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, leading to a partial negative charge on oxygen and partial positive charges on hydrogen.

Front

Which macromolecules contain nitrogen?

Back

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins contain nitrogen, while carbohydrates do not.

Front

In which direction is DNA/RNA synthesized?

Back

DNA and RNA are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning new nucleotides are added to the 3' hydroxyl end.

Front

What is cohesion in the context of water?

Back

Cohesion is the property of water molecules to stick to each other due to hydrogen bonding, which contributes to surface tension.

Front

What is adhesion in the context of water?

Back

Adhesion is the property of water molecules to stick to other substances, which helps in processes like capillary action.

Front

What is surface tension?

Back

Surface tension is the elastic tendency of a fluid surface that makes it acquire the least surface area possible, caused by the cohesive forces between liquid molecules.

Front

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Back

The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is dehydration synthesis?

Back

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the formation of a bond between two molecules with the removal of a water molecule.