Energy and Matter

Front

Energy Noun

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[en-er-jee]

Back

Energy

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The ability to do work or cause change in matter.

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Example: A ball rolling down a slope shows potential energy converting to kinetic energy.

Front

Matter Noun

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[mat-er]

Back

Matter

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Anything that has mass and takes up space, or volume, and is composed of particles.

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Example: Shows particles in solid, liquid, and gas states to explain how matter has mass and volume.

Front

Particle Noun

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[par-ti-kuhl]

Back

Particle

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A very small unit of matter that makes up every solid, liquid, and gas in the universe.

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Example: Particles are packed tightly in solids, less so in liquids, and spread out in gases.

Front

Kinetic Energy Noun

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[ki-net-ik en-er-jee]

Back

Kinetic Energy

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The energy an object or particle possesses due to its motion; faster movement means more kinetic energy.

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Example: A cyclist speeds downhill, gaining kinetic energy from motion.

Front

Diffusion Noun

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[di-fyoo-zhun]

Back

Diffusion

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The natural movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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Example: Particles spread from a crowded area to a less crowded area in a liquid.

Front

Concentration Noun

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[kon-sen-tray-shun]

Back

Concentration

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The measure of the amount of a substance contained within a specific space or volume.

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Example: The image shows solute particles evenly distributed in a solvent, explaining concentration as the amount of solute in a solution.

Front

Temperature Noun

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[tem-per-uh-cher]

Back

Temperature

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A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material or substance.

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Example: Particles in a warmer area move faster than those in a cooler area, showing temperature differences.

Front

Thermal Expansion Noun

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[thur-muhl ek-span-shun]

Back

Thermal Expansion

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The tendency of matter to increase in volume in response to an increase in temperature.

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Example: As temperature increases, particles in a solid spread out, showing thermal expansion.

Front

Thermal Contraction Noun

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[thur-muhl kon-trak-shun]

Back

Thermal Contraction

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The tendency of matter to decrease in volume in response to a decrease in temperature.

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Example: Molecules in a liquid move closer together as temperature decreases, showing thermal contraction.

Front

Celsius Noun

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[sel-see-uhs]

Back

Celsius

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A temperature scale where water's freezing point is 0 degrees and its boiling point is 100 degrees.

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Example: The image shows water freezing at 0°C and boiling at 100°C, demonstrating the Celsius scale.