Puritan Theology Concepts

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Typology

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Interpreting events as prefigurations of biblical events, used by Puritans to interpret their experiences.

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Visible Saints

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Those who appeared outwardly saved and were admitted to full church membership.

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Natural Liberty

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Winthrop's term for unrestrained liberty; he warned it was dangerous.

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Moral Liberty

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Liberty to do what is right in God's eyes, per Winthrop's sermon.

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Inner Light

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The personal, divine guidance within the soul; emphasized by dissenters.

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Excommunication

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Formal removal from church membership and its privileges.

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City upon a Hill purpose

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To inspire others and receive divine favor.

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Williams' metaphor

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A ship to argue for coexistence of different faiths in civil society.

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Winthrop's message

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Reinforced social hierarchy and communal sacrifice.

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Anne Hutchinson posed both theological and social threats to the Puritan establishment.

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She claimed many ministers promoted a “covenant of works,” not a “covenant of grace,” challenging their authority.