Physiology of training

Front

What is stroke volume and how does endurance training affect it?

Back

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. Endurance training increases stroke volume primarily by increasing preload, which enhances the heart's ability to fill with blood before contraction.

Front

How does endurance training improve acid-base balance in the body?

Back

Endurance training improves acid-base balance by changing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoform, which helps in the efficient conversion of lactate and pyruvate, thus reducing acidosis.

Front

What is the effect of training on motor unit recruitment?

Back

Training reduces the recruitment of motor units, allowing for more efficient muscle contractions and less energy expenditure during exercise.

Front

What is the primary fuel utilized during endurance training?

Back

Endurance training increases the utilization of fat as a primary fuel source, sparing glycogen stores for higher intensity efforts.

Front

What role do fatty acid binding proteins play in muscle metabolism?

Back

Fatty acid binding proteins enhance fatty acid transport into muscle cells, facilitating the use of fat as an energy source during endurance activities.

Front

Define preload in the context of cardiovascular physiology.

Back

Preload is the degree of stretch of the heart muscle fibers at the end of diastole, which is influenced by the volume of blood returning to the heart.

Front

What is the significance of lactic acid in endurance training?

Back

Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism; endurance training helps improve the body's ability to manage and utilize lactate, thus enhancing performance.

Front

Explain the concept of afterload and its relevance to endurance training.

Back

Afterload is the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood. Endurance training can help reduce afterload by improving vascular function and reducing systemic vascular resistance.

Front

What is the difference between slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers?

Back

Slow-twitch fibers (Type I) are more efficient for endurance activities, using oxygen for energy, while fast-twitch fibers (Type II) are geared towards short bursts of power and speed.

Front

How does endurance training affect mitochondrial density in muscle cells?

Back

Endurance training increases mitochondrial density in muscle cells, enhancing the capacity for aerobic metabolism and energy production.