Untitled Flashcards

Front

What are dominant and recessive traits?

Back

A dominant trait, if present in at least one copy of an allele, will be expressed, while a recessive trait will only be expressed if both alleles are recessive

Front

What are the causes of cancer?

Back

The most common causes are changes to genes, which can be inherited or caused by environmental exposures like smoking, radiation, viruses, and certain chemicals

Front

What happens if a cell does not have checkpoints and fails to respond to cell cycle controls?

Back

If a cell fails to have checkpoints and respond to cell cycle controls, it can lead to uncontrolled cell division, which can lead to tumors and then cancer.

Front

What would cause cells to become cancerous?

Back

Cells become cancerous due to changes in their DNA, specifically in genes that control cell growth, division, and death. These changes, or mutations, disrupt the normal regulatory processes that keep cells healthy and functioning correctly. 

Front

What happens to the rate of division (how often and how much the cell divides) when a cell has cancer?

Back

Cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled cell division, meaning they divide more frequently and excessively than normal cells.

Front

What would happen to the other levels of organization if there is something wrong (like cancer) at the cellular level? Why?

Back

If there's an abnormality at the cellular level, such as cancer, it can have far-reaching effects on the other levels of organization in the body, ultimately impacting the entire organism. This is because the body is organized in a hierarchical manner, with each level relying on the proper functioning of the levels below it.  

Front

What are the levels of organization from least complex to most?

Back

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

Front

 How can mutations can occur through environmental factors?

Back

Through radiation, industrial chemicals, viruses, heat and tobacco smoke

Front

How do mutations happen in replication/mitosis?

Back

Small insertions/deletions in the S phase/errors in chromosome segregation.

Front

Differentiate between abiotic/biotic factors.

Back

Abiotic factors are nonliving factors in an ecosystem, while biotic factors are living factors in an ecosystem.