AMSCO Vocabulary Chapter 6

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Nucleotides

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The basic building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

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Nitrogenous Bases

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Organic molecules that serve as the building blocks of nucleic acids, including adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.

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Chromosomes

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Structures within cells that contain DNA and protein, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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Linear Sequence

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The order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA strand, which determines the genetic information carried.

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DNA Replication

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The process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself before cell division.

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Mutation

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic diversity or cause diseases.

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Gene

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A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins.

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Protein Synthesis

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The process by which cells build proteins based on the genetic instructions carried by mRNA.

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Ribosomes

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Cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

Front

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Back

A nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation, consisting of a long chain of nucleotides.