Biology EOC Review #2

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

What does it mean for a trait to be dominant?

Back

A dominant trait is one that will express itself in the phenotype even if only one copy of the allele is present.

Front

What is the genotypic ratio?

Back

The genotypic ratio is the ratio of different genotypes that can occur in the offspring from a genetic cross.

Front

What is a mutation in DNA?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is the significance of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Back

Genetic variation increases the adaptability and survival of a species by providing a wider range of traits that may be beneficial in changing environments.

Front

What is the process of osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is photosynthesis?

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Front

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for assembling amino acids into proteins.

Front

What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Back

Asexual reproduction involves a single organism producing offspring identical to itself, while sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parents, leading to genetic diversity.