Biology Semester 2 Review for Final

Front

What is the haploid number in a karyotype?

Back

The haploid number is the number of chromosomes in a gamete, which is half the diploid number. For this karyotype, the haploid number is 27.

Front

What does it mean if two organisms have very similar DNA sequences?

Back

It indicates that the organisms are closely related and share a common ancestor.

Front

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase is the enzyme that unzips the DNA double helix to prepare for replication.

Front

Define phenotype.

Back

Phenotype is the expression of a trait; it is what you see in an organism.

Front

Why is meiosis important in sexual reproduction?

Back

Meiosis is important because it halves the number of chromosomes going into sex cells, ensuring genetic diversity.

Front

What is the diploid number of chromosomes?

Back

The diploid number is the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell, which is double the haploid number.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication.

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Front

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

Back

Crossing over increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Front

What are homologous chromosomes?

Back

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry genes for the same traits.