2.8 Intelligence and Achievement

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General intelligence (g)

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A theory that suggests a single factor underlies various cognitive abilities.

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Multiple abilities (Howard Gardner)

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Howard Gardner's theory that intelligence is composed of multiple distinct abilities rather than a single factor.

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Intelligence quotient (IQ)

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A measure of a person's intelligence as indicated by an intelligence test.

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Mental age

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A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance.

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Chronological age

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The actual age of the person taking the intelligence test.

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Intelligence tests

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Tests designed to measure a person's intellectual abilities.

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Psychometrics

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The field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.

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Standardized

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A test that is administered and scored in a consistent, or 'standard', manner.

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Valid

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The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

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Predictive validity

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The extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure.