Biology EOC Review #2

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence of the mRNA.

Front

What is the structure that serves as the site of protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosome.

Front

Where are ribosomes produced in the cell?

Back

Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus.

Front

What are the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Back

These reactions convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, occurring in the thylakoid membranes.

Front

What is the function of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to increase the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Back

The rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Front

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.