7.4 Mutations & Genetic Diversity

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome, which can lead to changes in phenotype and can be caused by various factors.

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What is gene translocation?

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Gene translocation is a type of mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another within the genome, potentially disrupting gene function.

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What is trisomy?

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Trisomy is a genetic condition where an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two, often leading to developmental issues.

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What are mutagens?

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Mutagens are agents that cause mutations in DNA, which can include chemicals, radiation, and certain viruses.

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How do environmental factors affect genetic diversity?

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Environmental factors can influence genetic diversity by affecting mutation rates, selection pressures, and the survival of different genotypes.

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What is a point mutation?

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A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, which can result in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.

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What is nondisjunction?

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame and potentially changing the entire protein.

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What is the role of adenine in DNA?

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Adenine is one of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, pairing with thymine and playing a crucial role in the structure and function of DNA.

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What are chromosomes?

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Chromosomes are long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins, containing many genes and found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.