Biology Benchmark Review #3

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses for a particular trait.

Front

What is a recessive phenotype?

Back

A recessive phenotype is expressed only when an organism has two recessive alleles (e.g., 'tt').

Front

What type of cell division results in daughter cells with different genetic makeups?

Back

Meiosis is the type of cell division that results in daughter cells with different genetic makeups.

Front

What are the genotypes of parents needed to produce 100% short pea plants with white flowers?

Back

The parents' genotypes should be 'ttpp x ttpp'.

Front

What are the subunits (monomers) of proteins?

Back

The subunits of proteins are amino acids.

Front

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse daughter cells.

Front

What is a heterozygous genotype?

Back

A heterozygous genotype has two different alleles for a trait (e.g., 'Aa').

Front

What is an autosomal recessive trait?

Back

An autosomal recessive trait is expressed only when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele.

Front

What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?

Back

The phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross is typically 3:1 for dominant to recessive traits.

Front

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.