BIO 1111 Cell Theory, Structure, & Function Review

Front

What are the three main components of the Cell Theory?

Back

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Front

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

Define prokaryotic cells.

Back

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

Front

Define eukaryotic cells.

Back

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, found in organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi.

Front

What is an isotonic solution?

Back

An isotonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Front

What role does cholesterol play in the cell membrane?

Back

Cholesterol helps to maintain membrane fluidity and stability by preventing the fatty acid chains of phospholipids from packing too closely together.

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically moving down a concentration gradient.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

Front

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

Evidence includes the presence of double membranes, independent reproduction, and unique DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.