Biology EOC Review

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What is active transport?

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Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

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What is facilitated diffusion?

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Facilitated diffusion is the passive movement of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transport proteins, moving with the concentration gradient without the use of energy.

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What is osmosis?

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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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What is endocytosis?

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Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf external substances, bringing them into the cell, often requiring energy.

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What is genetic drift?

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Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in the frequency of alleles in a population, which can lead to reduced genetic diversity.

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What is the consequence of low genetic diversity in a population?

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Low genetic diversity can make a population more vulnerable to diseases and environmental changes, increasing the risk of extinction.

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What is a complementary DNA strand?

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A complementary DNA strand is a sequence of nucleotides that pairs with another DNA strand according to base pairing rules (A with T, C with G).

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What is a tumor?

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A tumor is a mass of cells that forms when cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle and divide uncontrollably.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits and can be caused by errors during DNA replication or external factors.

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What is deletion in genetics?

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Deletion is a type of mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from a DNA sequence.