AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 2.1*: Cell Structure - Subcellular Com

Front

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?

Back

The Rough ER synthesizes proteins that are either secreted from the cell or incorporated into the cell's membrane.

Front

What is the role of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Back

The Smooth ER is responsible for detoxification of drugs and poisons, as well as the storage of calcium ions (Ca2+).

Front

What is a transport vesicle?

Back

A transport vesicle is a small membrane-bound sac that transports materials within the cell, particularly proteins from the Rough ER to the Golgi apparatus.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the central vacuole and its function in plant cells?

Back

The central vacuole is a large organelle in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure.

Front

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the difference between free ribosomes and bound ribosomes?

Back

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol, while bound ribosomes (attached to the Rough ER) synthesize proteins for secretion or membrane incorporation.

Front

What is turgor pressure?

Back

Turgor pressure is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells, maintained by the central vacuole.

Front

What are lysosomes?

Back

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.