Final Exam Review NSG

Front

What is the meaning of N0 in the TNM staging system?

Back

No cancer present in regional lymph node

Answer explanation

N0 indicates that there is no cancer present in the regional lymph nodes. This means the cancer has not spread to nearby lymph nodes, which is an important factor in staging.

Front

Which TNM classification has the poorest prognosis? Options: T1N1M2, T4N1M1, T1N1M1, T4N1M2

Back

T4N1M2

Answer explanation

The T4N1M2 classification indicates advanced local disease (T4) with regional lymph node involvement (N1) and distant metastasis (M2), leading to the poorest prognosis compared to the other options.

Front

What type of arthritis affects the weight-bearing joints, such as the hands, knees, hips, and spine?

Back

Osteoarthritis

Answer explanation

The patient has arthritis affecting weight-bearing joints, which is characteristic of osteoarthritis. This type of arthritis commonly impacts the hands, knees, hips, and spine due to wear and tear on the joints.

Front

You are assessing the diagnostic testing results for a patient that has rheumatoid arthritis. What result is NOT an indicator of this disease? Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation, Positive c-reactive protein, Positive rheumatoid factor.

Back

X-ray imaging showing osteophyte formation

Answer explanation

X-ray imaging showing osteophyte formation is not indicative of rheumatoid arthritis; it suggests osteoarthritis instead. The other results, like elevated ESR, positive CRP, and positive rheumatoid factor, are associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

Front

During a head-to-toe assessment of a patient with arthritis, you note bony outgrowths on the proximal interphalangeal joint. These outgrowths are known as __________ and occur in ______________.

Back

Bouchard’s Node, osteoarthritis

Answer explanation

Bouchard’s Nodes are bony outgrowths on the proximal interphalangeal joints and are associated with osteoarthritis, not rheumatoid arthritis. Heberden’s Nodes occur on the distal interphalangeal joints.

Front

A patient is newly diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Which medication below is NOT ordered to treat this condition? NSAIDs, Intra-articular corticosteroids, DMARDs, Glucosamine

Back

DMARDs

Answer explanation

DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs) are not typically used for osteoarthritis, which is primarily managed with NSAIDs, intra-articular corticosteroids, and supplements like glucosamine.

Front

After surgery your patient is semicomatose with vital signs within normal limits. As the nurse, what position would be best for this patient? Options: Semi-Fowlers, Prone, Low-Fowlers, Side positioning preferably on the left side

Back

Side positioning preferably on the left side

Answer explanation

Side positioning, preferably on the left side, helps maintain airway patency and reduces the risk of aspiration in a semicomatose patient. This position is safer for monitoring and supports optimal respiratory function.

Front

The nurse is monitoring the patient who is 24 hours post-op from surgery. Which finding requires intervention? BP 100/80, Pain rating of 4 on 1-10 scale, Temperature of 99.3' F

Back

24-hour urine output of 300 ml

Answer explanation

A 24-hour urine output of 300 ml is concerning as it indicates possible renal impairment or inadequate fluid intake, requiring intervention. The other findings are within acceptable limits for a post-op patient.

Front

A patient reports he hasn't had a bowel movement or passed gas since surgery. On assessment, you note the abdomen is distended and no bowel sounds are noted in the four quadrants. You notify the MD. What non-invasive nursing interventions can you perform without a MD order?

Back

Encourage ambulation, maintain NPO status, and monitor intake & output.

Answer explanation

Encouraging ambulation, maintaining NPO status, and monitoring intake & output are non-invasive interventions that can help stimulate bowel function and assess the patient's condition without needing a physician's order.

Front

A patient is found to have a blood glucose of 375 mg/dL, positive ketones in the urine, and blood pH of 7.25. Which condition is this?

Back

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Answer explanation

The patient's high blood glucose (375 mg/dL), presence of ketones, and low blood pH (7.25) indicate Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication of diabetes characterized by these metabolic derangements.