LIFE 102 ERS #4

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that shifts the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What causes a frameshift mutation?

Back

An insertion or deletion of 1 nucleotide.

Front

Where does translation occur in a cell?

Back

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and is facilitated by ribosomes.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

Back

Ribosomes facilitate the process of translation by decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What happens during post-transcriptional modification?

Back

Introns are removed and exons are retained in the mRNA strand.

Front

What are introns and exons?

Back

Introns are non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during RNA processing, while exons are coding regions that remain in the final mRNA.

Front

True or False: A virus is an infectious cell that can replicate within a host cell.

Back

False. A virus is not a cell; it is a particle that requires a host cell to replicate.

Front

What is the Poly-A tail?

Back

The Poly-A tail is a sequence of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of mRNA to protect it from degradation and assist in the export from the nucleus.

Front

What is the function of the 5' cap in mRNA?

Back

The 5' cap protects mRNA from degradation and helps in ribosome binding during translation.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.